{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T16:58:43Z","timestamp":1783702723437,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,22]],"date-time":"2020-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are still only a few therapeutic strategies to improve taste sensation, which is part of oral health and quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Therefore, here we aimed to investigate gustatory functions of healthy subjects performing mechanical tongue cleaning (MTC), an easy\u2010to\u2010perform oral hygiene procedure, to demonstrate taste changes and to describe possible negative side effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Prior to and 14\u00a0days following MTC with an Orabrush\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      , the following tests were conducted in 65 healthy participants including both non\u2010smokers (n\u00a0=\u00a050, 76.9%) and smokers (n\u00a0=\u00a015, 23.1%): \u2018taste strips\u2019 test, the Winkel Tongue Coating Index (WTCI), and subjective self\u2010assessment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among non\u2010smokers, subjective self\u2010assessments of gustatory function (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01), halitosis (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.03) and tongue coating (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01) improved after 14\u00a0days of MTC; furthermore, they exhibited higher total taste (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01) and lower WTCI (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01) values. Their age and sex did not correlate with the differences between the pre\u2010 and post\u2010MTC WTCI scores; however, differences between pre\u2010 and post\u2010MTC total taste values were correlated with age. The total taste value improvements were greater in non\u2010smokers aged 45\u201091\u00a0years than in those aged 20\u201044\u00a0years (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.01). In smokers, total taste values (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01), as well as sweet (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.03) and sour (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.04) taste values, were significantly improved after 14\u00a0days of MTC.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fourteen days of MTC using an Orabrush\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      can improve gustatory functions in non\u2010smokers and smokers. Therefore, MTC might be a useful, costless and easy option to improve taste and should be considered as a part of the daily oral care.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T04:56:59Z","timestamp":1601096219000},"page":"45-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mechanical tongue cleaning is a worthwhile procedure to improve the taste sensation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"Timmesfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology Ruhr\u2010University  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalene","family":"Kunst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Philipps\u2010University  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