{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:36:15Z","timestamp":1787067375670,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]],"date-time":"2020-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Objective of this study was to determine whether the diagnostic accuracy of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC\/TMD) is sufficient for use among schoolchildren aged 8\u201012\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective cohort study on diagnostic accuracy with calibrated examiners was conducted among 533 children of both sexes aged 8\u201012\u00a0years, with and without TMD symptoms, selected randomly from the Rhein\u2010Neckar district. Self\u2010reporting of non\u2010dental facial pain was used as the reference standard, against which we calculated the following for the pain\u2010related items of the DC\/TMD (index test): sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio, accuracy and 95% Wilson Score confidence intervals. We also calculated the area under the receiver\u2010operating characteristic (AUROC) curve displaying sensitivity and specificity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our final sample consisted of 282 children, half of whom reported having facial pain and 3.2% reported sounds from the temporomandibular joints (TMJs).<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Despite high specificity (90.78%; 95% confidence interval (CI): [84.86%; 94.53%]), sensitivity of the adapted DC\/TMD for pain on maximum jaw opening was poor (37.59%; 95% CI: [30.02%; 45.81%]). For pain on palpation, more similar values were recorded for sensitivity (74.47%; 95% CI: [66.69%; 80.95%]) and specificity (70.21%; 95% CI: [62.21%; 77.14%]). The diagnostic odds ratio was &gt;1 for both examinations. The AUROC for pain on opening was 68.39% (95% CI: [62.62%; 74.16%]), and for pain on palpation, it was 74.63% (95% CI: [69.45%; 79.81%]), whereas the combination of both resulted to an AUROC of 74.09% (95% CI: [68.96%; 79.21%]). It was not possible to measure the diagnostic accuracy of the DC\/TMD regarding TMJ sounds or jaw\u2010opening limitations, as they occurred too rarely in our sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, the diagnostic accuracy of the DC\/TMD for TMD\u2010related pain in children was lower than that recorded for adults in previous studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T15:46:29Z","timestamp":1601480789000},"page":"18-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Diagnostic accuracy of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders for children aged 8\u201012\u00a0years"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Eleni","family":"Katsikogianni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susette","family":"Schweigert\u2010Gabler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Dental Office Karlsruhe Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Krisam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Biometry and Informatics University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcl","family":"Orhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Orthodontic Office Mosbach Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Bissar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Coordinator Special Smiles SO Baden\u2010W\u00fcrttemberg Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Health Department Rhein\u2010Neckar\u2010Kreis Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Lux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Schmitter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics University Clinic of W\u00fcrzburg W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2887-8857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos Nikitas","family":"Giannakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics University Clinic of W\u00fcrzburg W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Orofacial Pain: Guidelines for Assessment, Diagnosis, and Management","author":"Leeuw R","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199236695.003.0009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411970080030401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12704"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/crn.2011.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2007.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"629","article-title":"Pr\u00e4valenz kraniomandibul\u00e4rer Dysfunktionen (CMD) bei Kindern und Jugendlichen: Teil 2: Nicht\u2010schmerzhafte Befunde","volume":"58","author":"Hirsch C","year":"2003","journal-title":"Deutsche Zahn\u00e4rztliche Zeitschrift"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"589","article-title":"Pr\u00e4valenz kraniomandibul\u00e4rer Dysfunktionen (CMD) bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. 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