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Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane) and bibliographies were searched from inception to 9 July 2020 for eligible studies, including grey literature. Case\u2010control and interventional studies reporting time\u2010domain and frequency\u2010domain electromyographic measures of jaw muscle activity in TMD and control groups were included. SIGN checklist for case\u2010control studies was used to evaluate risk of bias. Results were pooled for meta\u2010analysis using random\u2010effects model. Confidence in cumulative evidence was established using American Academy of Neurology guidelines. Forty\u2010five studies were included. Most were rated moderate risk of bias. Activity of four muscles (masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid, suprahyoids) was assessed across six domains (resting, clenching, chewing, swallowing, concentrating, resisted mandibular movements), with partial meta\u2010analysis scope. Masseter and temporalis activity were significantly higher at rest (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.05, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001), but lower during brief maximal clenching (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.005, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.04) in TMD vs controls. Insufficient data precluded meta\u2010analysis of remaining outcomes and subgroup analysis. Confidence in cumulative evidence ranged from moderate to very low. Changes in jaw muscle activity exist in TMD, which are both task\u2010specific and muscle\u2010specific. It remains unclear whether jaw muscle activity changes vary between TMD subgroups. Muscle function should be considered in clinical management of TMD. Insufficient subgroup data highlight future direction for research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T21:18:28Z","timestamp":1609190308000},"page":"487-516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Is jaw muscle activity impaired in adults with persistent temporomandibular disorders? 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