{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T09:57:27Z","timestamp":1784282247291,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this 1\u2010year longitudinal randomised controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of tongue cleaning on the maintenance of respiratory function in older adults requiring care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The participants included 24 residents of two nursing homes in Kitakyushu, Japan. The participants were randomised to receive tongue cleaning with routine oral care (intervention group, n\u00a0=\u00a012), or routine oral care alone (control group, n\u00a0=\u00a012). Among the participants, three in the intervention group and four in the control group had cerebrovascular disease history, four in the intervention group and four in the control group had a history of cardiac disease, and five in the intervention group and four in the control group were without medical history. Respiratory function was assessed on the basis of the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Tongue pressure, swallowing function, oral health status, activities of daily living and nutritional status were also measured at baseline and at the end of the 1\u2010year follow\u2010up period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The number of analysed participants in each group was 12. In the control group, the PEFR (1.6 [0.4\u20104.2] L\u00a0s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> vs 1.4 [0.4\u20103.2] L\u00a0s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.034) and tongue pressure (16.4 [1.7\u201035.2] kPa vs 8.0 [1.4\u201038.6] kPa, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.032) significantly declined after 1\u2010year. However, the PEFR (1.5 [0.8\u20102.9] L\u00a0s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> vs 1.6 [0.7\u20104.2] L\u00a0s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.366) and tongue pressure (18.1 [4.2\u201037.1] kPa vs 16.1 [5.2\u201041] kPa, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.307) were maintained in the intervention group. The change in the PEFR was significantly greater in the intervention group compared with the control group (0.130 [\u22120.45\u20101.70] L\u00a0s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> vs \u22121.70 [\u221210.00\u201010.00] L\u00a0s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.028).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that tongue cleaning may help maintain tongue and respiratory function in older adults requiring care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T15:27:45Z","timestamp":1615303665000},"page":"730-737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Tongue cleaning maintains respiratory function in older individuals: A 1\u2010year randomised controlled 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