{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:07:31Z","timestamp":1779926851436,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Passive mandibular advancement with functional appliances is commonly used to treat juvenile patients with mandibular retrognathism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate whether active repetitive training of the mandible into an anterior position would result in a shift of the habitual mandibular position (HMP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty adult healthy subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a training group receiving six supervised functional training sessions of 10\u00a0min each and a control group without training. Bonded lateral biteplates disengaged occlusion among both groups throughout the 15\u2010day experiment. Customised registration\u2010training appliances consisted of a maxillary component with an anterior plane and a mandibular component with an attached metal sphere. Training sessions consisted of repeated mouth\u2010opening\/closing cycles (frequency: 30\/min) to hit an anteriorly positioned hemispherical target notch with this metal sphere. The HMP was registered at defined times during the experiment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The HMP in the training group showed a statistically significant anterior shift of 1.6\u00a0mm (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.2\u00a0mm), compared with a significant posterior shift of \u22120.8\u00a0mm (IQR: 2.8\u00a0mm) in the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). Although the anterior shift among the training group showed a partial relapse 4\u00a0days after the first training block, it then advanced slightly in the 4\u2010day interval after the second training block, which might indicate neuroplasticity of the masticatory motor system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Motor learning by repetitive training of the mandible into an anterior position might help to improve the results of functional appliance therapy among patients with mandibular retrognathism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T15:02:03Z","timestamp":1620918123000},"page":"891-900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Motor learning might contribute to a therapeutic anterior shift of the habitual mandibular position\u2014An exploratory 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