{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:19:11Z","timestamp":1787494751487,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To evaluate tone, apraxia and stereognosis dysfunctions in patients with SDB compared with healthy controls, and to monitor the effectiveness of Airway Gym\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      as an easy\u2010to\u2010use myofunctional therapy (MT) modality in terms of the tongue's motor and sensory responses, comparing results before and after therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective, non\u2010randomised pilot study of 25 patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea\u2010hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS), 25 patients with primary snoring (PS) and 20\u00a0healthy controls. Qualitative and quantitative instruments\u2014Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI), lingual apraxia and stereognosis tests were used to assess tongue sensorimotor function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      22 patients with PS, 21 with OSAHS and all 20 controls ended the therapy. In OSAHS, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score decreased from 16\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.3 to 12\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.5 after therapy (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.53). In PS and OSAHS groups, the IOPI scores increased significantly. These measures did not change significantly in the controls. Lingual apraxia testing showed that controls performed all the manoeuvres, whereas PS 5.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.4 and OSAHS 4.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.9 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.14). In the stereognosis test, the mean number of figures recognised was 2.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.2 in OSAHS, 3.3\u00b11.2 in PS and 5.7\u00b10.9 in control group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Patients with OSAHS recognised circles and ovals less often.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using the Airway Gym\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      app produced improvements in sensorimotor tongue function in patients with SDB, due to continuous stimulation of the brain based on proprioceptive training required to localise responses when doing the exercises.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T04:56:07Z","timestamp":1629348967000},"page":"1363-1372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Sensorimotor tongue evaluation and rehabilitation in patients with sleep\u2010disordered breathing: a novel approach"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5148-5111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Alcal\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology. Hospital Universitario Cl\u00ednico San Cecilio Granada Spain"},{"name":"PhD Programme in Clinical Medicine and Public Health University of Granada Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Mart\u00edn\u2010Lagos","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology. Hospital Universitario Cl\u00ednico San Cecilio Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Otolaryngology Clinica Universitaria de Navarra Pamplona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"R\u00edos Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoinmune Disease Unit. Department of Medicine Hospital Universitario San Cecilio Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Javier G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Granada Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Parejo Santaella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology. Hospital Universirario Virgen de las Nieves Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Plaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology. 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