{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:10:30Z","timestamp":1790802630599,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008593","name":"European Respiratory Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011068","name":"Fondation Saint Luc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011068","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oropharyngeal myofunctional therapy is a multi\u2010component therapy effective to reduce the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, existing protocols are difficult to replicate in the clinical setting. There is a need to isolate the specific effectiveness of each component of the therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the effects of a 6\u2009weeks tongue elevation training programme in patients with OSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Eligible participants were adults diagnosed with moderate OSA who presented low adherence to continuous positive airway pressure therapy (mean use &lt;4\u00a0h per night). The intervention group completed a 6\u2009weeks tongue elevation training protocol that consisted in anterior tongue elevation strength and endurance tasks with the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument. The control group completed a 6\u2009weeks sham training protocol that involved expiratory muscle training at very low intensity. Polygraphy data, tongue force and endurance, and OSA symptoms were evaluated pre\u2010 and post\u2010intervention. The primary outcome was apneoa\u2010hypopnea index (AHI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010seven patients (55\u2009\u00b1\u200911\u2009years) were recruited. According to modified intention\u2010to\u2010treat analysis (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u200925), changes in AHI and c did not significantly differ between groups. Daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and tongue endurance significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the control group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u2009.015 and .022, respectively). In the intervention group, 75% of participants had a decrease in daytime sleepiness that exceeded the minimal clinically important difference.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six weeks of tongue elevation muscle training had no effect on OSA severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T01:04:06Z","timestamp":1662685446000},"page":"1049-1059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["The effect of tongue elevation muscle training in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7686-2294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Poncin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences (HESAV) HES\u2010SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), p\u00f4le de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Service de Pneumologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint\u2010Luc  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Correvon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences (HESAV) HES\u2010SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HES\u2010SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Service de Physioth\u00e9rapie cardio\u2010respiratoire, d\u00e9partement de chirurgie, c\u0153ur\u2010vaisseau et centre interdisciplinaire Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Christian","family":"Borel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AGIR \u00e0 dom  Meylan France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Universit\u00e9 de Lausanne  Lausanne 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