{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:52:03Z","timestamp":1772160723993,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]],"date-time":"2023-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chewing and licking are primarily activated by central pattern generator (CPG) neuronal circuits in the brainstem and when activated trigger repetitive rhythmic orofacial movements such as chewing, licking and swallowing. These CPGs are reported to modulate orofacial reflex responses in functions such as chewing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study explored the modulation of reflex responses in the anterior and posterior bellies (ant\u2010Dig and post\u2010Dig, respectively) of the digastric muscle evoked by low\u2010intensity trigeminal stimulation in conscious rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ant\u2010Dig and post\u2010Dig reflexes were evoked by using low\u2010intensity electrical stimulation applied to either the right or left inferior alveolar nerve. Peak\u2010to\u2010peak amplitudes and onset latencies were measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No difference was observed between threshold and onset latency for evoking ant\u2010Dig and post\u2010Dig reflexes, suggesting that the latter was also evoked disynaptically. The peak\u2010to\u2010peak amplitude of both reflexes was significantly reduced during chewing, licking and swallowing as compared to resting period and was lowest during the jaw\u2010closing phase of chewing and licking. Onset latency was significantly largest during the jaw\u2010closing phase. Inhibitory level was similar between the ant\u2010Dig and post\u2010Dig reflex responses and between the ipsilateral and contralateral sides.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results suggest that both the ant\u2010Dig and post\u2010Dig reflex responses were significantly inhibited, probably due to CPG activation during feeding behaviours to maintain coordination of jaw and hyoid movements and hence ensure smooth feeding mechanics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T01:10:51Z","timestamp":1686877851000},"page":"1270-1278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Modulation of reflex responses of the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle in freely moving rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Titi","family":"Chotirungsan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Niigata Japan"},{"name":"Department of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry Naresuan University  Phitsanulok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhei","family":"Tsutsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Saka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Niigata 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