{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T04:55:40Z","timestamp":1782708940490,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tongue\u2010strengthening exercises may be used at home to strengthen swallowing\u2010related oropharyngeal muscles in community\u2010dwelling older adults with sarcopenic dysphagia; however, evidence of their effectiveness remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of a home\u2010based tongue\u2010strengthening exercise (hTSE) using portable tool on swallowing\u2010related oropharyngeal muscles in community\u2010dwelling older adults with sarcopenic dysphagia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forth community\u2010dwelling older adults with sarcopenic dysphagia were enrolled in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. 1\u2010Repetition Maximum (1\u2010RM) of tongue muscle was measured in the experimental group using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument, and hTSE was performed using a portable tool with an intensity corresponding to approximately 70%\u201380% of the range based on the 1\u2010RM value (90 times\/day, 5\u2009days\/week, for 8\u2009weeks). The control group did not perform any tongue exercises. The primary outcome measures were tongue strength and thickness. The secondary outcome measure was suprahyoid muscle strength (digastric and mylohyoid muscles).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The experimental group showed significantly greater increases in suprahyoid muscle (mylohyoid and digastric) thickness (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.01 and .011,\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.0 and .55), as well as tongue strength and thickness (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001 and .029,\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092.2 and .6) than the control group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study confirmed that hTSE using a portable tool is effective in increasing swallowing\u2010related oropharyngeal muscle activity in older adults with sarcopenic dysphagia. Therefore, hTSE is recommended as an inexpensive, safe, and easy\u2010to\u2010use therapy for sarcopenic dysphagia in older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T07:50:28Z","timestamp":1722239428000},"page":"2270-2277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of home\u2010based tongue\u2010strengthening exercise using a portable tool on oropharyngeal muscles in older adults with sarcopenic dysphagia: A randomised controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1130-8636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae\u2010Hyung","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy Dongseo University  Busan 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