{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T21:17:28Z","timestamp":1774905448503,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assessing the internal condition of swallowing\u2010related muscles and muscle strength and size is important because their deterioration may lead to dysphagia. However, there are few reports on stiffness of swallowing\u2010related muscles measured using shear\u2010wave elastography (SWE) and their qualitative characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We measured stiffness of swallowing\u2010related muscles using SWE to investigate the relationship between muscle stiffness and body composition as well as other relevant variables in healthy adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty healthy adults were included in this cross\u2010sectional study. We evaluated stiffness of the genioglossus muscle (GGM) and geniohyoid muscle (GHM) using SWE. Skeletal muscle mass index, body mass index (BMI), handgrip strength, tongue pressure, and cross\u2010sectional areas of the muscles were measured, and we determined their relationship with muscle stiffness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For muscle stiffness, the mean value for the middle GGM was 7.08\u2009\u00b1\u20091.92\u2009kPa, that for the posterior GGM was 9.31\u2009\u00b1\u20092.68\u2009kPa, and that for the GHM was 8.84\u2009\u00b1\u20092.15\u2009kPa. In multiple regression analysis, with stiffness of the posterior GGM as the dependent variable, BMI (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212.473,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.039) was a significant negative explanatory variable. However, with the GHM stiffness as the dependent variable, BMI (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.419,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.033) was a significant positive explanatory variable.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stiffness of the posterior GGM was positively correlated with BMI and that of the GHM was negatively correlated with BMI. Stiffness, as measured using SWE, has the potential to capture the intramuscular characteristics of swallowing\u2010related muscles, particularly the posterior GGM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]],"date-time":"2024-08-17T00:09:42Z","timestamp":1723853382000},"page":"2405-2414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Intramuscular condition of swallowing\u2010related muscles using shear\u2010wave elastography: A preliminary study in healthy adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1598-675X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoko","family":"Ichikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tama Oral Rehabilitation Clinic The Nippon Dental University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Division of Rehabilitation for Speech and Swallowing Disorders The Nippon Dental University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kikutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tama Oral Rehabilitation Clinic The Nippon Dental University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Division of Rehabilitation for Speech and Swallowing Disorders The Nippon Dental University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Misa","family":"Sumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Informatics Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences  Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Iwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diagnosis, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Pathology Diagnostic Service The Nippon Dental University  Tokyo 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