{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T13:13:52Z","timestamp":1791810832524,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005089","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7174364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7174364"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effect of a lingual nerve block on spontaneous pain in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and to estimate associated somatosensory abnormalities by quantitative sensory testing (QST).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Protocol and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A standardised QST battery including cold detection threshold (CDT), warmth detection threshold (WDT), thermal sensory limen (TSL), paradoxical heat sensation (PHS), cold pain threshold (CPT), heat pain threshold (HPT), mechanical pain threshold (MPT), wind\u2010up ratio (WUR) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) was performed at the oral mucosa of the most painful site and intraoral control site in 20 BMS patients, and at the tongue and cheek mucosa in 22 age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched healthy controls. The effect of a lingual nerve block on spontaneous burning pain reported by the BMS patients on a 0\u201310\u2009cm visual analogue scale (VAS) was investigated in a randomised double\u2010blind crossover design using (1\u2009mL) lidocaine (lido) or saline (sal) with an interval of 1\u2009week. The BMS patients were grouped into \u2018central\u2019 and \u2018peripheral\u2019 mechanisms based on the effect of the lingual nerve injections. For each BMS patient, Z\u2010scores and Loss\/Gain scores were computed. Differences among groups and sites were analysed using a two\u2010way ANOVA. Differences within group were assessed by paired\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 20 BMS patients were characterised on the basis of VAS changes (\u0394Lido\u2014\u0394Sal) as a peripheral BMS subgroup (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099) with pain relief more than 1\u2009cm on the VAS and a central BMS subgroup (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200911) with pain relief less than 1\u2009cm. BMS patients (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200920) had lower sensitivity to thermal stimuli (i.e., CDT, WDT, TSL, CPT, HPT and PPT) and higher sensitivity to mechanical stimuli (i.e., PPT) compared with controls (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.007). Based on Loss\/Gain coding, L1G0 (loss of thermal somatosensory function with no somatosensory gain, 55.0%) was the most frequent coding in the BMS group, which was higher than 11.4% in the control group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Surprisingly, there was no significant difference between the peripheral and central BMS subgroups with regard to the Z\u2010scores of any of the nine QST parameters (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.097).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of the lingual nerve blocks demonstrated two distinct phenotypes with either peripheral or central mechanisms but no direct impact on somatosensory function. Overall, somatosensory function in BMS patients seems abnormal in the painful areas compared to matched controls with a conspicuous loss of thermosensory function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T21:24:57Z","timestamp":1730755497000},"page":"453-463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effect of Lingual Nerve Block and Localised Somatosensory Abnormalities in Patients With Burning Mouth Syndrome\u2014A Randomised Crossover Double\u2010Blind Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4358-7307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangju","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Center for Oral Functional Diagnosis, Treatment and Research Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianqiu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Beijing Hospital National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sensory\u2013Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science &amp; Technology Aalborg University  Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Aarhus University  Aarhus 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