{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:05:08Z","timestamp":1760400308245,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004699","name":"Chung Shan Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep\u2010related breathing disorder often associated with various health complications. This study investigated the impact of age on tongue function in OSA patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Study involved 214 participants (48.14\u2009\u00b1\u200916.29\u2009years) categorised by OSA status (185 non\u2010OSA, 29 OSA) and age groups: young adults (18\u201339\u2009years), middle\u2010aged (40\u201359\u2009years) and older adults (&gt;\u200959\u2009years). Tongue function measures included anterior and posterior maximum isometric pressure (MIP<jats:sub>ant<\/jats:sub>, MIP<jats:sub>post<\/jats:sub>) and anterior and posterior tongue endurance (End<jats:sub>ant<\/jats:sub>, End<jats:sub>post<\/jats:sub>) using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tongue function was higher in the OSA group compared to the non\u2010OSA group. Significant differences were observed in middle\u2010aged adults for MIP<jats:sub>ant<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.018, Cohen's <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.60) and MIP<jats:sub>post<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003, Cohen's <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.90). Significant differences in tongue endurance were found in younger adults for End<jats:sub>post<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.35). Both groups experienced a decline in tongue function in individuals over 59\u2009years, with the non\u2010OSA group showing a significant age\u2010related decline. However, no significant differences in tongue function across ages were found within the OSA group, but medium and large effects were indicated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Age appears to influence tongue strength and endurance in both groups, with OSA patients showing slightly higher values overall. Our findings suggest that reduced tongue function may not be a primary factor in OSA pathophysiology. Further studies are warranted to explore the implications of tongue muscle function in OSA management and intervention strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T07:52:03Z","timestamp":1748850723000},"page":"1819-1828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Age\u2010Related Changes in Tongue Strength and Endurance in Individuals With Obstructive Sleep Apnea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3119-8147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anpin","family":"Ni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Health and Sciences North Carolina Central University  Durham North Carolina 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