{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T06:21:17Z","timestamp":1778221277142,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections into the masticatory muscles have been used as a treatment to improve symptoms related to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. However, its safety and long\u2010term effects on TMJ structures remain inconclusive and are still under discussion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the effects of BoNT injection into the masseter affect the mandibular condyle in a rat model of TMJ osteoarthritis (TMJ\u2010OA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixteen male Wistar albino rats were used. The 32 TMJ joints were divided into four groups: (1) TMJ\u2010OA with BoNT (OA\u2009+\u2009BTX), (2) TMJ\u2010OA without BoNT (OA), (3) BoNT without TMJ\u2010OA (BTX) and (4) control. TMJ\u2010OA was induced by CFA injections. One week later, BoNT was administered to the masseter in the OA\u2009+\u2009BTX and BTX groups. Micro\u2010CT imaging was performed 8\u2009weeks later to assess the TMJ condyle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis revealed significant differences in bone mineral density and microarchitectural changes between the BTX\/control and the\u00a0OA\/OA\u2010BTX groups, except for trabecular separation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The OA and OA\u2009+\u2009BTX groups exhibited lower bone volume fraction and bone mineral density compared to the BTX and control groups. No significant differences were observed between the BTX and the groups without BoNT, suggesting that BoNT did not result in bone loss in healthy TMJs or in TMJ\u2010OA cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>BoNT does not have a significant effect on healthy or existing degenerative conditions in the TMJ. Long\u2010term experimental studies and clinical trials are needed to validate the safety of BoNT in managing TMJ\u2010OA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.14037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T02:28:46Z","timestamp":1748399326000},"page":"1801-1809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Structural Changes in the Temporomandibular Joint After Botulinum Toxin Injection Into the Masseter Muscle in Experimentally Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3926-6389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ummugulsum","family":"Coskun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Altinbas University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuray Yilmaz","family":"Altintas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Altinbas University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2014.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.19\u20100128"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2021.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/jop.1151"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2023.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007261.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910808700406"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11020084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2007.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12020112"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2015.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-14-85"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12290"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2017.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.05.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05838-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12060395"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12180"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13087"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2018.07.003"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","first-page":"556","article-title":"A Time\u2010Dependent Degeneration Manner of Condyle in Rat CFA\u2010Induced Inflamed TMJ","volume":"8","author":"Liqin X.","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Translational Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40902-015-0049-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2021.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181d0ad03"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. 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