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AI is also used in periodontal diagnosis of pathological and anatomical landmarks such as cementoenamel junction, bone levels, furcation defects, nature and system of dental implants placed, degree of implant or tooth fractures and periapical pathology, assessing the severity and grading of periodontal or peri\u2010implant disease\/conditions, assessing the signs and symptoms of periodontal\/peri\u2010implant disease and determining the prognosis of implant and periodontal treatment. Studies have compared the diagnosis made by dentists and AI\u2010based models and found AI models to be more effective and quicker in diagnosis than dentists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AI\u2010based tools such as DL, ML, CNN, and ANN are more effective and quicker for timely diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment plans for periodontal and peri\u2010implant disease diagnosis. DL and CNN are the most commonly used tools for the diagnosis of bone levels around teeth or implants, periodontal disease staging and severity, and location of anatomical structures and teeth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AI and its subsets are promising tools for the diagnosis\/risk prediction and treatment planning for periodontal and peri\u2010implant diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.14045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T06:34:51Z","timestamp":1749018891000},"page":"1193-1219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Applications of Artificial Intelligence (\n                    <scp>AI<\/scp>\n                    ) for Diagnosis of Periodontal\/Peri\u2010Implant Diseases: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Rupanjan","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal  Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Chopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal  Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaswata","family":"Karmakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal  Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subraya Giliyar","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Periodontology, College of Dental Surgery Iman Abdulrahman Bin Faizal University  Dammam Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2146160"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12323"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"557","article-title":"Periodontitis: A Hidden Chronic Infection","volume":"145","author":"Van Winkelhoff A. 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