{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T21:19:43Z","timestamp":1776115183624,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) is a validated screening tool for assessing masticatory and swallowing functions. However, the conventional TOMASS relies on operator\u2010dependent methods, which limit its objectivity and efficiency. The neck\u2010worn electronic stethoscope (NWES), a contact sensor positioned on the back of the neck, has recently been developed to automatically detect and monitor swallowing actions through deep learning\u2010based analysis of collected sound data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study piloted a semi\u2010automated assessment approach using a NWES to objectively measure TOMASS parameters and examine the influence of age and gender.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 123 healthy adults (mean age: 58.7\u2009\u00b1\u200918.5\u2009years) consumed two crackers while audio data recorded using a NWES and visual data were collected by smartphone. Measurements included discrete bite count, swallow count, oral processing and swallowing time (OPST), and first OPST (1st\u2010OPST). Statistical analyses were conducted to assess gender\u2010 and age\u2010related changes and differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The NWES enabled objective and precise TOMASS measurements. Age\u2010related prolongation of OPST and 1st\u2010OPST was observed, particularly in men (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Women exhibited fewer age\u2010related changes in OPST, although swallow count tended to decrease with age (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Regarding gender differences, younger women demonstrated higher bite (2.3 [interquartile range (IQR): 1.0\u20133.0] vs. 1 [IQR: 1.0\u20132.0],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.042) and swallow counts (2.5 [IQR: 2.0\u20132.5] vs. 2 [IQR: 1.0\u20132.0],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.026) compared with men.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The NWES appeared suitable as an objective, efficient tool for automated TOMASS evaluation. Age\u2010related changes in masticatory and swallowing performance differed according to gender, highlighting the need for tailored assessments. Future research on NWES\u2010based TOMASS measurements should include diverse populations and extension to dysphagia and masticatory dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.70030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T05:04:43Z","timestamp":1754111083000},"page":"2252-2258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Automated Assessment of Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids Using a Neck\u2010Worn Electronic Stethoscope: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Amika","family":"Sugita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences for Community Welfare, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo 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University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences for Community Welfare, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo 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