{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T20:15:40Z","timestamp":1790453740215,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a safe and feasible treatment for a variety of acute and chronic pain conditions. However, no evidence about taVNS effectiveness in patients with chronic pain associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the feasibility of and compliance with taVNS in participants experiencing chronic TMD pain and potential effects on pain, psychological well\u2010being, muscle activity, and kinematics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty adults with chronic TMD pain were randomised to receive taVNS (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200910) or sham (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200910). In the taVNS group, stimulation was performed on the left tragus for 4\u2009h daily (25\u2009Hz, pulse width 250\u2009\u03bcs, 28\u2009s on\/32\u2009s off). In the sham group, an inactive non\u2010functional sham electrode was used. Patient\u2010reported outcome measures (GCPS, PHQ\u20109, GAD\u20107, PHQ\u201015, and OHIP\u2010G14), muscle activity, and kinematics were assessed at baseline, 4\u2009weeks, and 8\u2009weeks. Compliance was assessed using a smartphone app, which recorded daily stimulation time and intensity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recruitment and retention rates were high (100% and 90%, respectively), with 83% adherence to the intervention. Participants receiving taVNS showed a large effect on oral health\u2010related quality of life, and at least a small but potentially important effect on pain intensity, anxiety, depression, severity of somatic symptoms, muscle activity, and kinematics. However, none of these differences were statistically significant. No serious adverse events were identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>taVNS proved feasible in participants with chronic TMD pain, suggesting potential benefits for symptom management. Future studies with larger sample sizes and extended follow\u2010up durations are necessary to confirm efficacy and safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.70039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T11:35:59Z","timestamp":1755257759000},"page":"2351-2360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Myoarthropathic Symptoms Associated With Temporomandibular Disorders\u2014A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0792-0830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lea S.","family":"Prott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Heinrich\u2010Heine\u2010University  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Kaldenhoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Heinrich\u2010Heine\u2010University  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfons","family":"Hugger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Heinrich\u2010Heine\u2010University  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Langner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Systems Neuroscience Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Heinrich\u2010Heine\u2010University D\u00fcsseldorf Germany  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine Brain and Behavior (INM\u20107) Research Center J\u00fclich  J\u00fclich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra C.","family":"Gierthmuehlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Heinrich\u2010Heine\u2010University  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mortimer","family":"Gierthmuehlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery University Medical Center Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum GmbH  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032113"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/TurkJOrthod.2020.20031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2011.654241"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-076227","article-title":"Management of Chronic Pain Associated With Temporomandibular Disorders: A Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"383","author":"Busse J. 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