{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:52:13Z","timestamp":1772160733379,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K10073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K10073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Salivation is important during mastication for bolus formation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to examine the effect of reduced salivary flow on the mastication of crackers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010one healthy adults were instructed to masticate three foods: rice crackers with (rice cracker 1) and without (rice cracker 2) fat and seasoning and wheat cracker with fat. Atropine sulphate (1\u2009mg) was used to reduce salivary flow.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hyposalivation significantly extended the masticatory duration (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.020) and masticatory cycle time (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) for all test foods. The masticatory cycle time in the late stage significantly increased with hyposalivation of rice cracker 2 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) and wheat cracker (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Suprahyoid muscle activity per masticatory cycle significantly increased with hyposalivation for rice cracker 2 on both the masticatory (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.017) and non\u2010masticatory sides (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.026). There were no differences in these values between the rice cracker 1 conditions. Stimulated salivary flow was the highest in rice cracker 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) among the foods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Taste stimulation can compensate for impaired mastication through the inhibition of salivary flow. Although the fat content can assist in the manipulation of the bolus, the manufacturing process or location of the fat content in the cracker should be considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.70048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T07:42:13Z","timestamp":1755675733000},"page":"2401-2411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Hyposalivation on Masticatory Movements While Eating Several Crackers in Healthy Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Ikeura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuto","family":"Ochiai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Niigata Japan"},{"name":"Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences Niigata University of Health and Welfare  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3556-5787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Sasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2818-1168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Department of Oral Health and Welfare Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Takei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Research and Development Institute Kameda Seika Co., Ltd.  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