{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:52:08Z","timestamp":1772160728896,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In transcranial magnetic studies (TMS), motor\u2010evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded from the tongue provide important insights into corticobulbar excitability and neuromuscular control. However, their clinical and research utility remains limited due to anatomical and technical challenges, particularly those affecting electrode stability and signal quality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to compare TMS\u2010derived outcomes obtained with traditional surface electrodes and novel suction\u2010based electrodes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nineteen healthy adults participated in a repeated\u2010measures, cross\u2010over design. On Day 1, each participant completed two test sessions per electrode type (intra\u2010session reliability). Thirteen participants returned for a third test session at least 1\u2009week later (inter\u2010session reliability). Resting motor threshold (rMT) was determined. MEP amplitude (MEP_Amp) and latency (MEP_Lat) were assessed at five single\u2010pulse stimulation intensities (90%, 100%, 120%, 140% and 160% of rMT). Reliability was analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs, using lower 95% CI bound to gauge reliability strength).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Suction electrodes yielded significantly lower rMT and higher MEP_Amp at 120%\u2013160% rMT. For both electrode types, intra\u2010session reliability for rMT was excellent (ICCs &gt;\u20090.90) and poor to moderate for MEP_Amp and MEP_Lat (ICCs &lt;\u20090.75). Inter\u2010session reliability was poor (ICCs &lt;\u20090.50) across all outcomes for both electrode types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to surface electrodes, suction electrodes improved signal quality as indicated by lower rMT and higher MEP_Amp. However, both electrode types exhibited substantial intra\u2010 and inter\u2010session variability. Although suction electrodes enhance TMS signal quality, the poor test\u2013retest reliability of tongue MEPs currently limits their utility as biomarkers. Methodological refinements are needed to further improve reliability in TMS\u2010based tongue assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.70098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T09:20:55Z","timestamp":1762420855000},"page":"439-447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Can Recordings of Tongue Motor\u2010Evoked Potentials Be Improved? Comparison of Two Electrode Types and Their Reliability"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7686-2294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Poncin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pole of Pulmonology, ENT and Dermatology (LUNS) Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simple Futarmal","family":"Kothari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic Aarhus University  Hammel Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Aarhus University Hospital &amp; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University  Aarhus 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Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohit","family":"Kothari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic Aarhus University  Hammel Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Audiology &amp; Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal 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