{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:47:28Z","timestamp":1789156048084,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G098822N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G098822N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to assess the short\u2010 and long\u2010term effectiveness of two intensive Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy (OMT) protocols on orofacial myofunctional status, orofacial strength and Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). One protocol focused exclusively on breathing patterns and orofacial posture (Breathing and Posture Only group; OMT\n                      <jats:sub>BPO<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), while the other also incorporated orofacial muscle strengthening and swallowing patterns (Breathing, Posture, Strength and Swallowing group; OMT\n                      <jats:sub>BPSS<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). Additionally, adherence to home\u2010based exercises and satisfaction with OMT intervention were evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A convenience sample of 14 young adults was recruited and randomly allocated to one of the two therapy groups in this longitudinal, multigroup, pre\u2010test\u2014post\u2010test study. Evaluations were conducted pre\u2010OMT, immediately post\u2010OMT, and at a 6\u2010month follow\u2010up. Each group (OMT\n                      <jats:sub>BPO<\/jats:sub>\n                      and OMT\n                      <jats:sub>BPSS<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) consisted of 7 participants (mean age: 19.1\u2009years, SD: 0.69\u2009years; and 18.8\u2009years, SD: 0.55\u2009years, respectively). Besides a clinical assessment, orofacial myofunctional status was evaluated using the Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores (OMES). Tongue and lip strength and endurance were measured with the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI), and OHRQoL was evaluated using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP\u2010NL14) questionnaire. Therapy satisfaction was evaluated using a custom questionnaire with visual analogue scales.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The linear mixed models analysis revealed no significant changes in OMES scores, orofacial strength and endurance or OHRQoL measures post\u2010intervention or at follow\u2010up. Generalised estimating equations analysis showed no immediate post\u2010therapy improvements in tongue posture; however, both OMT\n                      <jats:sub>BPO<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.023) and OMT\n                      <jats:sub>BPSS<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.033) demonstrated significant improvements at follow\u2010up. While descriptive analysis suggested improvements in swallowing patterns post\u2010therapy and at follow\u2010up, these changes were not statistically significant. The OMT\n                      <jats:sub>BPSS<\/jats:sub>\n                      group showed a significantly higher adherence rate than the OMT\n                      <jats:sub>BPO<\/jats:sub>\n                      group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.026). Although therapy satisfaction was higher in the OMT\n                      <jats:sub>BPSS<\/jats:sub>\n                      group, this difference was not statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Within the limitations of this study, including a small sample size of healthy young adults, the findings suggest that an intensive 5\u2010week OMT intervention may be sufficient to train motor skills necessary for improving orofacial functions. As improvements in orofacial myofunctional behaviour were similar across both OMT interventions, the more extensive program as offered in the OMT\n                      <jats:sub>BPSS<\/jats:sub>\n                      group may not provide additional benefits regarding the orofacial myofunctional outcomes for this population. However, variation in therapy content may be important for promoting adherence and therapy satisfaction. Future studies involving larger and more diverse samples, clinical populations and extended follow\u2010up periods are required to evaluate the generalizability and long\u2010term stability of these findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.70150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T12:01:52Z","timestamp":1768564912000},"page":"945-959","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The\n                    <scp>OMA<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Project\u2014Orofacial Myofunctional Behaviour in Adults: Effectiveness of Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy Protocols in Healthy Young Adults With Orofacial Myofunctional Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7707-3708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charis","family":"Van der Straeten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS) Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3558-6577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolien","family":"Verbeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS) Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5546-5997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim","family":"Bettens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS) Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3712-3763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guy","family":"De Pauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7683-260X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristiane","family":"Van Lierde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS) Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Speech\u2013Language Pathology and Audiology University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12277"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics","author":"Proffit W. R.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2018.1424936"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.929165"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882\u2010020\u201000921\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318042aef7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746\u2010160X\u20101\u201010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1043\/0003\u20103219(2004)074<0269:ASROTC>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2023.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14010081"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52010\/ijom.2005.31.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_AJSLP\u201020\u201000245"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjv044"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12240"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2176\u20109451.19.4.094\u2010099.oar"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1043\/0003\u20103219(1978)048<>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52010\/ijom.2011.37.1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4502.277"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2317\u20101782\/20182018099"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12653"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325\u2010017\u20101489\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13873"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.04.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2007.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102842.2012.02336.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3506.1239"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455\u2010012\u20109425\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455\u2010006\u20109013\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100528.1997.tb00941.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472\u20106831\u20108\u201011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102842.2011.02242.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.52010\/ijom.2000.26.1.5","article-title":"Tongue Lip and Jaw Differentiation and Its Relationship to Orofacial Myofunctional Treatment","volume":"26","author":"Meyer P. G.","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Orofacial Myology: Official Publication of the International Association of Orofacial Myology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000510908"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021\u20109010.69.2.334"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000928"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2020.106059"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2022_AJSLP\u201021\u201000255"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7441.702"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9780857020123"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903\u2010023\u201003056\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13974"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000488027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2317\u20101782\/20232022065"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2317\u20101782\/20242022330en"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Development and Evaluation of a Comprehensive Screening for Orofacial Dysfunction","volume":"31","author":"Bakke M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Swedish Dental Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52010\/ijom.2012.38.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.06.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221\u2010006\u20100380\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221\u2010003\u20101517\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1043\/0003\u20103219(2005)075<0035:MOMMAB>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.06.029"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","first-page":"291","article-title":"The Effects of Tongue Position on Mandibular Muscle Activity","volume":"11","author":"Carlson C. R.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Orofacial Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.11074"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827615589319"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2317\u20101782\/20232021213pt"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2317\u20101782\/20202020193"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13472"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2023.104527"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-18462013000500029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp\u2010journals\u201010005\u20101909"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joor.70150","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/joor.70150","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joor.70150","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T04:14:14Z","timestamp":1775535254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joor.70150"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joor.70150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joor.70150","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JOOR.70150\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JOOR.70150\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0305-182X","1365-2842"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-182X","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2842","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}