{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T06:13:26Z","timestamp":1778739206411,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adherence to conservative treatments is essential for optimal outcomes in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients, yet validated tools for measuring adherence are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to develop and validate a bilingual (Arabic\u2013English) questionnaire to comprehensively assess adherence among TMD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design, Setting, Sample<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional, observational, five\u2010phase design was conducted at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University (Egypt). The study included a pilot sample of 60 TMD patients and a psychometric evaluation sample of 300 patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Exposure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The exposure was adherence behaviour, measured by a newly developed 50\u2010item, 11\u2010domain adherence questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Variable(s)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcomes were psychometric properties of the questionnaire, including content validity, internal consistency, test\u2013retest reliability and construct validity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Covariates<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient language version (Arabic or English) was considered to examine potential influences on questionnaire performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Analyses<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Content validity was assessed using Item\u2010Content Validity Index (I\u2010CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Reliability was evaluated with Cronbach's\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and intra\u2010class correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct validity was examined with exploratory factor analysis (EFA).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The final 50\u2010item, 11\u2010domain questionnaire demonstrated strong content validity. Internal consistency was acceptable for both Arabic (Cronbach's\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.70) and English (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.68) versions. Test\u2013retest reliability was good (ICC\u2009=\u20090.762\u20130.898;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). EFA confirmed 11 domains, accounting for 61.5% of variance in Arabic and 64.73% in English.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Badawy and Haggag Adherence Questionnaire for TMD demonstrated strong validity and reliability across Arabic and English versions. It provides a robust clinical and research tool for assessing adherence to conservative TMD management, enabling clinicians to identify non\u2010adherence and design tailored interventions to improve outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT07045441. The trial was first posted on 22 June 2025, and the most recent update was posted on 30 June 2025. Retrospectively registered<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.70153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T08:10:36Z","timestamp":1769242236000},"page":"988-998","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Patient Adherence to Splint Therapy and Counselling Programmes in Temporomandibular Disorders: Development and Validation of a New Questionnaire"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0834-8058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soaad Tolba","family":"Badawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6211-8045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal T.","family":"Badawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematics and Statistics Department Faculty of Science University of Jeddah  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Applied Statistics and Insurance Department Faculty of Commerce Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7728-7466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mai Ahmed","family":"Haggag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Orofacial Pain: Guidelines for Assessment, Diagnosis, and Management","volume":"134","author":"De Leeuw R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03710-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2010.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/ijp.7580"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2005.01574.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-020-00234-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2010.02089.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-015-0586-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171296"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13827"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12770"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200209000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1D207"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","volume-title":"Adherence to Long\u2010Term Therapies: Evidence for Action","author":"Sabat\u00e9 E.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.58.2.274"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.3.4.385"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-023-02862-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31819a5acc"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2014.889814"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","volume-title":"Oncology Nursing Forum\u2010Oncology Nursing Society","author":"Armstrong T. 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