{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:28:16Z","timestamp":1790706496068,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of education and self\u2010management (ED and SM) interventions delivered by a health care provider, either alone or in combination with other non\u2010surgical interventions for improving pain, function, or health\u2010related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review with meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Literature Search<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six databases were searched up to March 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Selection Criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of ED and SM with any non\u2010surgical other interventions such as splints, manual therapy, electrotherapy or multimodal approaches in adults with TMDs. Eligible studies had to report outcomes on pain, function or HRQoL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Synthesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB\u20101 tool. Pooled treatment effects were calculated using random\u2010effects models with standardized mean differences. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty\u2010seven RCTs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093238 participants; 77% female; mean age: 34.4\u2009\u00b1\u20097.3\u2009years) were included, and none had a low risk of bias. ED and SM interventions were generally delivered as standardized programs and often served as control conditions. Based on very low\u2010certainty evidence, other non\u2010surgical interventions may be more effective than ED and SM alone for short\u2010term pain reduction (SMD\u2009=\u20090.67, 95% CI: 0.13\u20131.20, 6 studies, 323 patients) or HRQoL improvement (SMD\u2009=\u20090.61, 95% CI: 0.20\u20131.01, 2 studies, 124 patients). When combined with ED and SM, non\u2010surgical interventions may also result in moderate additional HRQoL improvements (SMD\u2009=\u20090.50, 95% CI: 0.18\u20130.82, 3 studies, 154 patients). Other comparisons\u2014such as ED and SM alone versus ED and SM combined with other non\u2010surgical interventions\u2014showed comparable effects between groups on pain, function and HRQoL over the short\u2010, medium\u2010 and long\u2010term. However, the certainty of evidence supporting these findings remains low to very low.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The certainty of evidence supporting ED and SM interventions for TMDs is very low to low across all outcomes. While some short\u2010term clinically relevant benefits may favour other non\u2010surgical treatments, no consistent superiority or inferiority of ED and SM was found. Combining ED and SM with other interventions did not consistently improve outcomes. High\u2010quality trials are needed to determine the effectiveness of ED and SM and their optimal delivery in TMD care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Prospero<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42024529862.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.70187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T06:04:51Z","timestamp":1773986691000},"page":"1394-1408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Patient Education and Self\u2010Management in Adults With Temporomandibular Disorders: Results From a Systematic Review With Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9366-453X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Genevi\u00e8ve","family":"Ferland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole De R\u00e9adaptation, Universit\u00e9 De Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Canada"},{"name":"Centre De Recherche de L'h\u00f4pital Maisonneuve\u2010Rosemont  Montr\u00e9al Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rapha\u00ebl","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole De R\u00e9adaptation, Universit\u00e9 De Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Canada"},{"name":"Centre De Recherche de L'h\u00f4pital Maisonneuve\u2010Rosemont  Montr\u00e9al Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0290-7031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Desmeules","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole De R\u00e9adaptation, Universit\u00e9 De Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Canada"},{"name":"Centre De Recherche de L'h\u00f4pital Maisonneuve\u2010Rosemont  Montr\u00e9al Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey\u2010Anne","family":"Cormier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole De R\u00e9adaptation, Universit\u00e9 De Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Canada"},{"name":"Centre De Recherche de L'h\u00f4pital Maisonneuve\u2010Rosemont  Montr\u00e9al Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moira","family":"Huon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Catholique De Louvain  Louvain Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5043-8946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Pitance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Health Sciences Division, Neuro\u2010Musculo\u2010Skeletal\u2010Lab (NMSK), UCLouvain  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint\u2010Luc  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"378","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders","volume":"91","author":"Gauer R. 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