{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T13:49:06Z","timestamp":1791553746112,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K09449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K09449"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24K13186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K13186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Mandibular prognathism attenuates chewing\u2010induced brain blood flow (BBF) in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, correlating with compromised masticatory function and cognitive performance. Surgical orthodontic treatment restores skeletal and occlusal relationships and reorganises jaw sensorimotor function; however, its effects on masticatory cortical haemodynamics remain unexplored.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n This pilot study aimed to characterise longitudinal and cross\u2010sectional BBF changes following surgical orthodontic treatment in skeletal Class III patients, and to explore whether pre\u2010treatment BBF level may be associated with the direction of treatment\u2010related change.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n BBF in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus was measured using fNIRS at the initial examination (T1) and treatment completion (T3). Cross\u2010sectional comparison was performed between independent T1 (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009162) and T3 (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200955) groups; longitudinal analysis was conducted in 22 paired patients. The longitudinal cohort was stratified at the median T1 BBF into low\u2010 and high\u2010BBF subgroups (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200911 each), with between\u2010group differences assessed using the Mann\u2013Whitney U test and bootstrap resampling (1 000 iterations).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Neither cross\u2010sectional (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.804) nor longitudinal comparison (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.614) revealed a significant group\u2010level change. Baseline\u2010stratified analysis revealed opposing directional responses: The Low\u2010BBF group showed a tendency toward increase (median change: +3.4%;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.102), while the High\u2010BBF group showed a tendency toward decrease (median change: \u221216.4%;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.064). The between\u2010group difference in BBF change scores was suggestive (uncorrected\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.015; bootstrap 95% CI: +0.7 to +124.6%, excluding zero), consistent with the interpretation that pre\u2010treatment BBF level may be associated with the direction of masticatory cortical haemodynamic change following surgical orthodontic treatment.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n These exploratory, hypothesis\u2010generating findings provide the first effect size estimates for pre\u2010treatment BBF as a potential directional predictor of cortical haemodynamic response to surgical orthodontic treatment, and justify a future pre\u2010registered, adequately powered investigation with formal a priori sample size calculation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.70311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T01:02:05Z","timestamp":1790557325000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mastication\u2010Induced Brain Blood Flow Changes Before and After Surgical\u2010Orthodontic Treatment in Skeletal Class\n III<\/scp>\n Patients: A Pilot Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3473-1218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kanzaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine Tsurumi University Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Nakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine Tsurumi University Yokohama Japan"},{"name":"Private Dental Clinic Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masao","family":"Kumazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine Tsurumi University Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kahoko","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7744-3879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyasu","family":"Kanetaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine Tsurumi University Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Prevalence of Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Need in the United States: Estimates From the NHANES III Survey","volume":"13","author":"Proffit W. 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