{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:02:41Z","timestamp":1790647361822,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aspiration pneumonia is a major clinical concern in Parkinson's disease (PD) and is associated with poor prognosis. Dysphagia is a well\u2010recognized risk factor for aspiration pneumonia, but the oral environment may also contribute to this risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This narrative review aims to synthesize knowledge on the relationship between the oral environment and dysphagia in PD and to propose a conceptual framework that incorporates oral environment management into dysphagia management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar for publications from January 2000 to December 2025. We synthesized findings on the oral environment in PD across three domains (clinical oral findings, saliva\u2010related symptoms and the oral microbiome), with attention to disease stage where reported and examined their relationships with dysphagia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The oral environment in PD was reported to be associated with disease\u2010related motor and non\u2010motor features and was reported to worsen with disease progression. Deterioration of the oral environment was also associated with dysphagia. Based on these findings, we proposed a stage\u2010based conceptual framework for assessment and management of both the oral environment and swallowing function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assessment of both the oral environment and swallowing function across all disease stages should be considered as part of aspiration pneumonia risk management in PD. The oral environment remains a modifiable factor even in advanced stages of PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.70326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:31:23Z","timestamp":1790645483000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oral Environment and Aspiration Pneumonia Risk in Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Framework"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0740-9939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyasu","family":"Furuya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tama Oral Rehabilitation Clinic The Nippon Dental University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Division of Rehabilitation for Speech and Swallowing Disorders The Nippon Dental University Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7198-3874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diane","family":"Longnecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Science and Disorders Baylor University  Waco Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Almazan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swallowing and Upper Aerodigestive Functions Research Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, School of Health Professions University of Texas Health Science Center  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orlando","family":"Hinojosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swallowing and Upper Aerodigestive Functions Research Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, School of Health Professions University of Texas Health Science Center  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7474-1082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarah","family":"Rochester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swallowing and Upper Aerodigestive Functions Research Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, School of Health Professions University of Texas Health Science Center  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3724-2818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giselle","family":"Carnaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swallowing and Upper Aerodigestive Functions Research Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, School of Health Professions University of Texas Health Science Center  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3","article-title":"Parkinson's Disease","volume":"386","author":"Kalia L. 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