{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:52:43Z","timestamp":1791424363762,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Intrinsic and extrinsic trauma to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) increases the incidence of painful temporomandibular disorders. TMJ trauma also causes increased degeneration of the TMJ structure, leading to TMJ osteoarthritis (TMJOA). Clinically, it is important to identify risk factors of post\u2010traumatic TMJOA, such as sex, injury severity, and persistent post\u2010traumatic pain.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n We determined the effects of potential risk factors on post\u2010traumatic TMJ degeneration using a mouse model.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A repeated forced\u2010mouth opening (FMO) model was used to determine the effect of potential risk factors on post\u2010traumatic TMJOA. Radiographic and histological assays were performed to assess chondral and subchondral degeneration of the TMJ condyles induced by FMO, which was evident after approximately three weeks. To determine the pain\u2010degeneration relationship, we manipulated nociceptor function through chemogenetic inhibition using an inhibitory designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs and assessed post\u2010traumatic pain\u2010like behaviours and radiographic and histological changes in TMJ condyles.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The extent of post\u2010traumatic TMJ degeneration was greater after 5\u2009days of injury than 2\u2009days. Female mice showed greater post\u2010traumatic TMJ degeneration than males. Chemogenetic silencing of nociceptor activities\u2014only during the period of TMJ injury\u2014inhibited post\u2010traumatic pain\u2010like behaviours but did not prevent the progression of TMJ degeneration. However, chemogenetic silencing of nociceptors throughout the entire traumatic and post\u2010traumatic period did inhibit post\u2010traumatic TMJ degeneration, albeit modestly.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Injury severity, sex, and the persistent nociceptor activity modulate the extent of post\u2010traumatic TMJOA.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.70331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:30:57Z","timestamp":1791423057000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Impact of Injury Severity, Sex, and Nociceptor Activity on Post\u2010Traumatic Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7028-1905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ishraq","family":"Alshanqiti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry University of Maryland Baltimore Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry Umm Al\u2010Qura University Makkah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry University of Maryland Baltimore Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6431-9553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swarnalakshmi","family":"Raman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry University of Maryland Baltimore Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4939-3736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghazaal","family":"Parastooei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry University of Maryland Baltimore Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7637-1148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Man\u2010Kyo","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry University of Maryland Baltimore Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research University of Maryland Baltimore Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.11607\/jop.1151","article-title":"Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC\/TMD) for Clinical and Research Applications: Recommendations of the International RDC\/TMD Consortium Network* and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Groupdagger","volume":"28","author":"Schiffman E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001554","article-title":"Incident Injury Is Strongly Associated With Subsequent Incident Temporomandibular Disorder: Results From the OPPERA Study","volume":"160","author":"Sharma S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520913247","article-title":"Pain Sensitivity Modifies Risk of Injury\u2010Related Temporomandibular Disorder","volume":"99","author":"Sharma S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Post\u2010Traumatic Disorders of the Jaw Joint","volume":"64","author":"Norman J. E.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bot.0000246468.80635.ef","article-title":"Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis: A First Estimate of Incidence, Prevalence, and Burden of Disease","volume":"20","author":"Brown T. D.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"The Association of Temporomandibular Disorder Pain With History of Head and Neck Injury in Adolescents","volume":"20","author":"Fischer D. J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Orofacial Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.5125\/jkaoms.2020.46.3.174","article-title":"Efficacy of Arthrocentesis and Lavage for Treatment of Post\u2010Traumatic Arthritis in Temporomandibular Joints","volume":"46","author":"Park J. Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2004.01439.x","article-title":"The Comparison Between Pains, Difficulties in Function, and Associating Factors of Patients in Subtypes of Temporomandibular Disorders","volume":"32","author":"Kino K.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2015.1136678","article-title":"The Incidence of Osteoarthritic Change on Computed Tomography of Korean Temporomandibular Disorder Patients Diagnosed by RDC\/TMD; a Retrospective Study","volume":"74","author":"Kim K.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Odontologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"1167","article-title":"Correlation Between Pain and MRI Findings in TMD Patients","volume":"46","author":"Wurm M. C.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Association Between Temporomandibular Joint Symptoms, Signs, and Clinical Diagnosis Using the RDC\/TMD and Radiographic Findings in Temporomandibular Joint Tomograms","volume":"22","author":"Wiese M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Orofacial Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/60489374","article-title":"Correlating Cone Beam CT Results With Temporomandibular Joint Pain of Osteoarthritic Origin","volume":"41","author":"Palconet G.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6731","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63493-8","article-title":"Long\u2010Term Changes of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis on Computed Tomography","volume":"10","author":"Song H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.11607\/ofph.2953","article-title":"A Systematic Review on the Association Between Clinical Symptoms and CBCT Findings in Symptomatic TMJ Degenerative Joint Disease","volume":"35","author":"Wu M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2015.06.023","article-title":"Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis: Cone Beam Computed Tomography Findings, Clinical Features, and Correlations","volume":"44","author":"Comert Kilic S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s40902-017-0117-1","article-title":"Correlation Between Pain and Degenerative Bony Changes on Cone\u2010Beam Computed Tomography Images of Temporomandibular Joints","volume":"39","author":"Bae S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/13269559","article-title":"Relationship Between Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)\u2010Related Pain and Morphological Changes of the TMJ Condyle in Patients With Temporomandibular Disorders","volume":"33","author":"Kurita H.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910308200914","article-title":"A Repetitive, Steady Mouth Opening Induced an Osteoarthritis\u2010Like Lesion in the Rabbit Temporomandibular Joint","volume":"82","author":"Fujisawa T.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54e51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.09.005","article-title":"Development of a Rat Model of Mechanically Induced Tunable Pain and Associated Temporomandibular Joint Responses","volume":"74","author":"Kartha S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.11607\/ofph.1557","article-title":"Prolonged Jaw Opening Promotes Nociception and Enhanced Cytokine Expression","volume":"30","author":"Hawkins J. L.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001206","article-title":"Sustained and Repeated Mouth Opening Leads to Development of Painful Temporomandibular Disorders Involving Macrophage\/Microglia Activation in Mice","volume":"159","author":"Wang G. Y. F.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003498","article-title":"Posttraumatic Hyperalgesia and Associated Peripheral Sensitization After Temporomandibular Joint Injury in Mice","volume":"166","author":"Alshanqiti I.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154107","article-title":"Rebamipide Attenuates Mandibular Condylar Degeneration in a Murine Model of TMJ\u2010OA by Mediating a Chondroprotective Effect and by Downregulating RANKL\u2010Mediated Osteoclastogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Izawa T.","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345251317429","article-title":"Nociceptor Neurons Facilitate Orthodontic Tooth Movement via Piezo2 in Mice","volume":"104","author":"Wang S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211069956","article-title":"Nociceptor Neurons Magnify Host Responses to Aggravate Periodontitis","volume":"101","author":"Wang S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10474","article-title":"Guidelines for Micro\u2010Computed Tomography Analysis of Rodent Dentoalveolar Tissues","volume":"5","author":"Chavez M. B.","year":"2021","journal-title":"JBMR Plus"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.141","article-title":"Guidelines for Assessment of Bone Microstructure in Rodents Using Micro\u2010Computed Tomography","volume":"25","author":"Bouxsein M. L.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100022","article-title":"Knee Osteoarthritis Risk Is Increased 4\u20106 Fold After Knee Injury \u2010 a Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"53","author":"Poulsen E.","year":"2019","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12312","article-title":"Occurrence of Signs of Osteoarthritis\/Arthrosis in the Temporomandibular Joint on Panoramic Radiographs in Swedish Women","volume":"45","author":"Back K.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2023.1038808","article-title":"The Degeneration\u2010Pain Relationship in the Temporomandibular Joint: Current Understandings and Rodent Models","volume":"4","author":"Chung M. K.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pain Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40118","article-title":"Chemogenetic Inhibition of Pain Neurons in a Mouse Model of Osteoarthritis","volume":"69","author":"Miller R. E.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rhematology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1099017","article-title":"Substance P Aggravates Ligature\u2010Induced Periodontitis in Mice","volume":"14","author":"Siddiqui Y. D.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1201328","article-title":"Anti\u2010NGF Treatment Worsens Subchondral Bone and Cartilage Measures While Improving Symptoms in Floor\u2010Housed Rabbits With Osteoarthritis","volume":"14","author":"Menges S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.10.005","article-title":"Serious Joint\u2010Related Adverse Events in Randomized Controlled Trials of Anti\u2010Nerve Growth Factor Monoclonal Antibodies","volume":"23","author":"Hochberg M. C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39094","article-title":"Suppression of Peripheral Pain by Blockade of Voltage\u2010Gated Calcium 2.2 Channels in Nociceptors Induces RANKL and Impairs Recovery From Inflammatory Arthritis in a Mouse Model","volume":"67","author":"Baddack U.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40894","article-title":"Randomized, Double\u2010Blind, Placebo\u2010Controlled Trial of Intraarticular Trans\u2010Capsaicin for Pain Associated With Osteoarthritis of the Knee","volume":"71","author":"Stevens R. M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rhematology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107743","article-title":"Fight Fire With Fire: Neurobiology of Capsaicin\u2010Induced Analgesia for Chronic Pain","volume":"220","author":"Arora V.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.09.005","article-title":"Therapeutic Effects of an Anti\u2010ADAMTS\u20105 Antibody on Joint Damage and Mechanical Allodynia in a Murine Model of Osteoarthritis","volume":"24","author":"Miller R. E.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"},{"issue":"744","key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.abn7082","article-title":"Interleukin\u20106 Signaling Mediates Cartilage Degradation and Pain in Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis in a Sex\u2010Specific Manner","volume":"15","author":"Liao Y.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science Signaling"},{"issue":"7995","key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06888-7","article-title":"Na(v)1.7 as a Chondrocyte Regulator and Therapeutic Target for Osteoarthritis","volume":"625","author":"Fu W.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2794","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003421","article-title":"Elucidation of Neuronal Activity in Mouse Models of Temporomandibular Joint Injury and Inflammation by in Vivo GCaMP ca 2+ Imaging of Intact Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons","volume":"165","author":"Son H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S405258","article-title":"Influence of TRPV1 on Thermal Nociception in Rats With Temporomandibular Joint Persistent Inflammation Evaluated by the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD)","volume":"16","author":"Leite\u2010Panissi C. R. A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Pain Research"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joor.70331","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/joor.70331","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joor.70331","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:31:04Z","timestamp":1791423064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joor.70331"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joor.70331"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joor.70331","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-182X","1365-2842"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-182X","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2842","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"joor.70331"}}