{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:50:40Z","timestamp":1791597040571,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the clinical efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on postoperative pain, sleep quality, and swelling following dental implant surgery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A randomized, sham\u2010controlled, double\u2010blind clinical trial was conducted. A total of 64 patients who underwent single\u2010tooth implant surgery without bone grafting at the Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Stomatological Hospital between June 2024 and June 2026 were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the TEAS group (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200932) or the Mock group (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200932). In the TEAS group, stimulation was applied at the Hegu (LI4) and Laogong (PC8) acupoints for 30\u2009min using a 2\/100\u2009Hz variable\u2010frequency current, once 30\u2009min before surgery and again 30\u2009min after surgery. The Mock group received electrode pads attached to the same acupoints without electrical output. The primary outcome was the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score on the night of surgery (POD 1) and on POD 2 and 3. Secondary outcomes included total sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and local swelling score.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Baseline demographic characteristics did not differ significantly between the two groups (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u20090.05). On the night of surgery, the VAS pain score in the TEAS group was significantly lower than that in the Mock group (1.719\u2009\u00b1\u20091.397 vs. 3.094\u2009\u00b1\u20092.100,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.003), but not on POD 2 or POD 3 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u20090.05). Total sleep duration was significantly longer in the TEAS group than in the Mock group on both the night of surgery and POD 2 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05), but not on POD 3 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u20090.05). Sleep efficiency did not differ significantly between groups at any time point (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u20090.05). On POD 3, the swelling score in the TEAS group was significantly lower than that in the Mock group (0.813\u2009\u00b1\u20090.896 vs. 1.438\u2009\u00b1\u20091.045,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.013), whereas no significant differences were found on the night of surgery or POD 2 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u20090.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n TEAS may reduce early postoperative pain (within the first 24\u2009h), prolong sleep duration on the night of surgery and POD 2, and reduce local swelling on POD 3 after dental implant surgery. These findings support the use of TEAS as an effective adjunctive modality within a multimodal analgesia protocol for dental implant surgery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.70333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:20:35Z","timestamp":1791595235000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Randomized Clinical Trial of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation for Pain Relief After Dental Implant Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Stomatology Chongqing Medical University Chongqing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Stomatology Chongqing Medical University Chongqing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8211-1844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Stomatology Chongqing Medical University Chongqing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Stomatology Chongqing Medical University Chongqing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Stomatology Chongqing Medical University Chongqing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6889-5571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience Ministry of Health Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Autism Research Center of Peking University Health Science Center Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8663-2599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xing","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5062-6739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Stomatology Chongqing Medical University Chongqing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Stomatology Chongqing Medical University Chongqing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences Chongqing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1768-1140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuzhou","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Stomatology Chongqing Medical University Chongqing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences Chongqing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.060032","article-title":"Assessment of Pain Associated With the Surgical Placement of Dental Implants","volume":"78","author":"Al\u2010Khabbaz A. K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-016-0550-3","article-title":"Perioperative Pain Control in the Ambulatory Setting","volume":"20","author":"Rana M. V.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Pain and Headache Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2021.0310","article-title":"Effectiveness of Electroacupuncture or Auricular Acupuncture vs Usual Care for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Among Cancer Survivors: The PEACE Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"7","author":"Mao J. J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Oncology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1600437","article-title":"Use of Electroacupuncture and Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation in Reproductive Medicine: A Group Consensus","volume":"18","author":"Qu F.","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ Sci B"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.07.015","article-title":"Somatotopic Organization and Intensity Dependence in Driving Distinct NPY\u2010Expressing Sympathetic Pathways by Electroacupuncture","volume":"108","author":"Liu S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"8369737","article-title":"The Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation on Inflammatory Response in Patients Undergoing Limb Ischemia\u2010Reperfusion","volume":"2017","author":"Mo Y.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mediators of Inflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13921","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32048-3","article-title":"Neuropeptide Initiated Mast Cell Activation by Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation of Acupoint LI4 in Rats","volume":"8","author":"Chen L. Z.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"5909956","article-title":"Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation on Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome of Patients After Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"2021","author":"Que B.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evidence\u2010based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2022.11.004","article-title":"Effect of Acupressure Application on Patients' Nausea, Vomiting, Pain, and Sleep Quality After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Placebo\u2010Controlled Study","volume":"20","author":"Kilin\u00e7 T.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Explore (New York, N.Y.)"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3379-3","article-title":"Efficacy of Different\u2010Frequency TEAS on Acute Pain After the Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Study Protocol for a Parallel Group Randomized Trial","volume":"20","author":"Li Y.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"7570533","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation for Postoperative Pain: A Meta\u2010Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"2022","author":"Wang D.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pain Research & Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulationcombined With Respiratory Training on Postoperativepulmonary Complications in Elderly Patientsundergoing Laparoscopic Surgery","volume":"41","author":"Luo C.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2024.12.005","article-title":"Application of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation (TEAS) for Management of Postoperative Pain After Gynecological Surgeries: A Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"26","author":"Tahmasbi F.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pain Management Nursing"},{"issue":"08","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"844","article-title":"Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation on Postoperative Sleep Quality: A Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"41","author":"Song B.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"1056","article-title":"The Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation of Shenmen and Neiguan Points on Sleep Quality and Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hip Replacement","volume":"42","author":"Wei L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation"},{"issue":"05","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"485","article-title":"TEAS for Prevention and Treatment of Orthodontic Toothache and Oral Dysfunction:A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"36","author":"Jia Y.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion"},{"issue":"02","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Effect of Transcutaneous Acupoint Electrical Stimulationon Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Patients Withirreversible Pulpitis","volume":"15","author":"Wang H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Stomatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13748","article-title":"Electroacupuncture Regulates Macrophage, Neutrophil, and Oral Microbiota to Alleviate Alveolar Bone Loss and Inflammation in Experimental Ligature\u2010Induced Periodontitis","volume":"50","author":"Liu K.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"7882","key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04001-4","article-title":"A Neuroanatomical Basis for Electroacupuncture to Drive the Vagal\u2010Adrenal Axis","volume":"598","author":"Liu S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e081123","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-081123","article-title":"CONSORT 2025 Statement: Updated Guideline for Reporting Randomised Trials","volume":"389","author":"Hopewell S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1644-8","article-title":"An Internet\u2010Based Intervention for People With Psychosis (EviBaS): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"18","author":"R\u00fcegg N.","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.06.014","article-title":"Evaluation of Caffeine Versus Codeine for Pain and Swelling Management After Implant Surgeries: A Triple Blind Clinical Trial","volume":"45","author":"Samieirad S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Cranio\u2010Maxillo\u2010Facial Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1642","article-title":"The Consensus Sleep Diary: Standardizing Prospective Sleep Self\u2010Monitoring","volume":"35","author":"Carney C. E.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2003.12.019","article-title":"Acupuncture and Endorphins","volume":"361","author":"Han J. S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3479","article-title":"Dopamine Mediates Vagal Modulation of the Immune System by Electroacupuncture","volume":"20","author":"Torres\u2010Rosas R.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.08.007","article-title":"The Association of Sleep and Pain: An Update and a Path Forward","volume":"14","author":"Finan P. H.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0439-z","article-title":"Sleep Deficiency and Chronic Pain: Potential Underlying Mechanisms and Clinical Implications","volume":"45","author":"Haack M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","first-page":"246","article-title":"Safe, Effective Pain Management Following Dental Implant Surgery","volume":"47","author":"Dionne R. A.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634963","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.634963","article-title":"Analgesics for Dental Implants: A Systematic Review","volume":"11","author":"Melini M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2023.2206118","article-title":"Provider\u2010Directed Analgesia for Dental Pain","volume":"16","author":"Myers A. L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.18231\/j.jooo.2024.047","article-title":"Optimizing Acute Pain Management in Oral Surgery: Current Strategies and Emerging Approaches","volume":"10","author":"Shetti A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-03859-y","article-title":"Post\u2010Operative Pain Management in Dental Implant Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials","volume":"25","author":"Khouly I.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Oral Investigations"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen146","article-title":"Acupuncture and Related Techniques for Postoperative Pain: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"101","author":"Sun Y.","year":"2008","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302057","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1302057","article-title":"Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation on Early Postoperative Pain and Recovery: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"11","author":"Tan S. Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"A Clinical Study of the Effect of Transcutaneous Electricacupoint Stimulation on Early Pain After Fixed\u2010Bearingunicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty","volume":"38","author":"Zhao J.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Traditional Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.62347\/VZLG2317","article-title":"Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation for Rehabilitation After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"16","author":"Zhang L.","year":"2024","journal-title":"American Journal of Translational Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S270739","article-title":"Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation on the Postoperative Sleep Quality and Pain of Patients After Video\u2010Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"12","author":"Song B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature and Science of Sleep"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.189","article-title":"The Vagus Nerve and the Inflammatory Reflex\u2014Linking Immunity and Metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Pavlov V. A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","first-page":"878","article-title":"Pathological Assessment of Post\u2010Surgical Inflammatory Responses: Implications for Wound Healing and Surgical Outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Mistry R. B.","year":"2025","journal-title":"European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joor.70333","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/joor.70333","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joor.70333","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:20:41Z","timestamp":1791595241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joor.70333"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joor.70333"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joor.70333","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-182X","1365-2842"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-182X","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2842","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"joor.70333"}}