{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:46:19Z","timestamp":1792035979652,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23K16135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K16135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc plays an important role in maintaining normal joint function. However, disc displacement is a common condition that can lead to pain, restricted jaw movement and chronic TMJ dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To develop and evaluate a deep learning model capable of autonomously localizing the TMJ region from magnetic resonance (MR) images during mouth opening using the You Only Look Once (YOLO) v8 framework, and to discriminate between TMJ disc displacement with reduction (DDwR) and disc displacement without reduction (DDwoR).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This study included 237 patients (48 males, 189 females; age range, 19\u201383 [mean, 44.73\u2009\u00b1\u200918.3] years) who underwent MRI examination at our hospital for suspected TMJ disorders and were diagnosed with disc displacement based on imaging findings. After exclusion, 439 proton density\u2010weighted MR images during mouth opening were preprocessed and divided on a patient basis into training (280 images), validation (71 images) and test (88 images) datasets. The TMJ region was manually annotated using LabelImg, including the condyles, articular disc and articular tubercle. The YOLOv8 deep learning model was trained for 200 epochs to localize the TMJ region and classify DDwR or DDwoR.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The YOLOv8 model achieved promising results for the detection and classification of TMJ disc displacements. The performance metrics were a precision, recall and F1 score of 0.983, 0.988 and 0.987, respectively, indicating a high accuracy in detecting and identifying disc displacement patterns.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The YOLOv8 deep learning model demonstrated promising performance in automatically localizing and classifying TMJ disc displacement from MR images.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.70348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:04:26Z","timestamp":1792033466000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Internal Validation of a\n YOLOv8<\/scp>\n Model for Classifying Temporomandibular Joint Disc Displacement With Versus Without Reduction on Open\u2010Mouth Proton\u2010Density\u2010Weighted\n MRI<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1177-8331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kotaro","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5764-2002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Muraoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Tokunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5689-0876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kohei","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Komatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"Kohinata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoya","family":"Hirohata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Temporomandibular Disorders: Rapid Evidence Review","volume":"107","author":"Matheson E. 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L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Oral Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e598","DOI":"10.5114\/pjr.2019.92287","article-title":"Painful Clicking Jaw: A Pictorial Review of Internal Derangement of the Temporomandibular Joint","volume":"84","author":"Mehndiratta A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polish Journal of Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/35165","article-title":"The Basic Conservative Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Anterior Disc Displacement Without Reduction\u2014Review","volume":"24","author":"Miernik M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"378","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders","volume":"91","author":"Gauer R. L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2022.04.004","article-title":"Diverse Therapies for Disc Displacement of Temporomandibular Joint: A Systematic Review and Network Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"60","author":"Li J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","article-title":"Assessing the Efficacy of Anterior Repositioning Splints in the Management of Temporomandibular Disc Displacement: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"15","author":"Dhar S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(05)80138-6","article-title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint. Increased T2 Signal in the Retrodiskal Tissue of Painful Joints","volume":"79","author":"Sano T.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2003.11746259","article-title":"Usefulness of Proton Density and T2\u2010Weighted vs. T1\u2010Weighted MRI in Diagnoses of TMJ Disk Status","volume":"21","author":"Sano T.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/dmfr\/twae066","article-title":"Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disc Displacement With MRI\u2010Based Radiomics Analysis","volume":"54","author":"Duyan Y\u00fcksel H.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.02.023","article-title":"Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC\/TMD): Development of Image Analysis Criteria and Examiner Reliability for Image Analysis","volume":"107","author":"Ahmad M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05586-6","article-title":"Machine Learning\u2010Based Medical Imaging Diagnosis in Patients With Temporomandibular Disorders: A Diagnostic Test Accuracy Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"28","author":"Zhang Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clinical Oral Investigations"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26534","article-title":"Deep Learning in Radiology: An Overview of the Concepts and a Survey of the State of the Art With Focus on MRI","volume":"49","author":"Mazurowski M. 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H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20210341","article-title":"Automatic Detection of Anteriorly Displaced Temporomandibular Joint Discs on Magnetic Resonance Images Using a Deep Learning Algorithm","volume":"51","author":"Lin B.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20210185","article-title":"Automatic Segmentation of the Temporomandibular Joint Disc on Magnetic Resonance Images Using a Deep Learning Technique","volume":"51","author":"Nozawa M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1093\/dmfr\/twae033","article-title":"Enhanced Multistage Deep Learning for Diagnosing Anterior Disc Displacement in the Temporomandibular Joint Using MRI","volume":"53","author":"Min C. 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A Diagnostic Accuracy Study","volume":"126","author":"Mourad L.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6576","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-57078-y","article-title":"Investigation of Deep Learning Model for Predicting Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment Efficacy on Contrast\u2010Enhanced Computed Tomography Images of Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Nakao Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joor.70348","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/joor.70348","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joor.70348","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:04:31Z","timestamp":1792033471000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joor.70348"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joor.70348"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joor.70348","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-182X","1365-2842"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-182X","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2842","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"joor.70348"}}