{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T19:25:04Z","timestamp":1757705104459},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,26]],"date-time":"2012-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species and presence of lesions in the oral cavity of patients with sickle cell anemia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 30 patients diagnosed with sickle cell anemia and taking hydroxyurea for at least 90\u00a0days (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HU<\/jats:styled-content>+); and 39 patients with sickle cell anemia and without hydroxyurea therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HU<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212). Two control groups were constituted by healthy individuals matched to the test groups in age, gender, and oral conditions (C\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HU<\/jats:styled-content>+ for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HU<\/jats:styled-content>+ and C\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HU<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212 for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HU<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212). Oral clinical examination and anamnesis were performed. Yeasts were collected by oral rinses and identified by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">API<\/jats:styled-content> system. Antifungal susceptibility evaluation was performed according to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLSI<\/jats:styled-content> methodology. Data obtained for microorganisms counts were compared by Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HU<\/jats:styled-content>+ vs. C\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HU<\/jats:styled-content>+ and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HU<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212 vs. C\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HU<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212) using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MINITAB<\/jats:styled-content> for Windows 1.4. Significance level was set at 5%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No oral candidosis lesions were detected. Significant differences in yeasts counts were observed between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HU<\/jats:styled-content>\u2212 group and the respective control, but there were no differences between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HU<\/jats:styled-content>+ and C\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HU<\/jats:styled-content>+. <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> was the most prevalent species in all groups. <jats:italic>Candida famata<\/jats:italic> was observed both in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content> and control groups. <jats:italic>Candida dubliniensis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Candida pelliculosa,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Candida parapsilosis<\/jats:italic> were observed only in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content> groups. Most strains were susceptible to all antifungal agents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hydroxyurea therapy seems to decrease candidal counts and resistance rate in sickle cell anemia patients. However, further studies should be conducted in the future to confirm this finding. Hydroxyurea therapy in sickle cell anemia patients maintains fungal species balance in oral cavity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,26]],"date-time":"2012-12-26T11:34:31Z","timestamp":1356521671000},"page":"570-575","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hydroxyurea therapy in sickle cell anemia patients aids to maintain oral fungal colonization balance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Ana Carolina Rodrigues Danzi","family":"Salvia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. 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