{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T18:25:22Z","timestamp":1788200722360,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bone resorption inhibitor\u2010related osteopathology of the jaw (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BRIOJ<\/jats:styled-content>) is a severe complication in patients treated with bisphosphonates or denosumab. However, the precise pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BRIOJ<\/jats:styled-content> is not yet fully understood. Recent studies discovered the presence of <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> colonies in biopsy material from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BRIOJ<\/jats:styled-content> patients. The aim of this study was to analyze current knowledge concerning the impact of <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> on the pathogenesis of this condition and to present data from our own patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from 51 patients with histopathological diagnoses of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BRIOJ<\/jats:styled-content> were retrospectively analyzed. In addition, a systematic literature search for studies describing the presence of <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> was present in 86% of our cases and 63.3% of 371 cases presented in the literature. All of our patients and 85% of patients described in the literature had a clearly defined local focus in association with osteopathology. A clear picture of whether <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> colonizes the previously necrotic bone or contributes to inflammation causing subsequent bone necrosis is lacking in the literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BRIOJ<\/jats:styled-content> remains unknown; however, there seems to be a role for <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic>, and possibly other pathogens, in the development of osteopathology of the jaws, which is not exclusive to bisphosphonate therapy. This study supports the hypothesis that an infectious component is of utmost importance for the pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BRIOJ<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T15:38:22Z","timestamp":1359733102000},"page":"587-593","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Osteopathology associated with bone resorption inhibitors \u2013 which role does <i>Actinomyces<\/i> play? 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