{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T23:13:07Z","timestamp":1785366787720,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,7]],"date-time":"2013-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["10151008901000025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10151008901000025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province","award":["2009B050700024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009B050700024"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou","award":["2012J5100008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012J5100008"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81202136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81202136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["11ykpy47"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11ykpy47"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autophagy is a catabolic process involving the degradation of cells' own unnecessary, injured, or aged proteins and recycling of degraded products to maintain hemostasis. Recently, studies indicated that autophagy plays a crucial role in cancer development. However, the role of autophagy in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSCC<\/jats:styled-content>) has not been well documented. This study aims to assess the expression of autophagy\u2010related protein and investigate its effect on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSCC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Archival 50 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSCC<\/jats:styled-content> samples were enrolled. Immunohistochemistry were performed to examine the expression of Beclin1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC3<\/jats:styled-content>. Statistical analyses were carried out to assess the associations among clinicopathologic parameters. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, cells were treated with rapamycin or 3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MA<\/jats:styled-content>. Then, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">qPCR<\/jats:styled-content>, western blot and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the expression of Beclin1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC3<\/jats:styled-content>. Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to identify autophagsomes. For functional analysis, cell proliferation and cell cycle were evaluated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTT<\/jats:styled-content> assay and flow cytometer, respectively. At last, cell migration and invasion potentials were assessed by wound healing assay and transwell assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We confirmed that down\u2010regulation of Beclin1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC3<\/jats:styled-content> is a frequent event in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSCC<\/jats:styled-content>. Then, we demonstrated that decreased expression of Beclin1 was associated with T stage, clinical stage and differentiation. Furthermore, we showed that activation of autophagy by rapamycin suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion while inhibition of autophagy by 3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MA<\/jats:styled-content> promoted proliferation, migration and invasion in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSCC<\/jats:styled-content> cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Taken together, these data suggest that autophagy plays a pivotal role in the progression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSCC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,7]],"date-time":"2013-03-07T09:08:35Z","timestamp":1362647315000},"page":"557-564","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Decrease of autophagy activity promotes malignant progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Yawen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Guanghua School and Research Institute of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Guanghua School and Research Institute of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haikuo","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Guanghua School and Research Institute of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiqiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Guanghua School and Research Institute of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongzhang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Guanghua School and Research Institute of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen University 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