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However, there is currently no study on the role of autophagy in chemotherapy of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC<\/jats:styled-content>) of human salivary glands. We hypothesized that autophagy plays a protective role for human salivary gland ACC<\/jats:styled-content> cells during chemotherapy, diminishes the effect of treatment, and ultimately results in poor sensitivity to chemotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>After inhibition of autophagy by 5\u00a0mM 3\u2010methyladenine (3MA<\/jats:styled-content>), 20\u00a0\u03bcM C<\/jats:styled-content>hloroquine (CQ<\/jats:styled-content>), or B<\/jats:styled-content>eclin\u20101 shRNA<\/jats:styled-content>, we examined the sensitivity of human salivary gland ACC<\/jats:styled-content> cells to different concentrations of cis\u2010diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP<\/jats:styled-content>) using MTT<\/jats:styled-content> assay. Also, levels of autophagy in ACC<\/jats:styled-content> cells treated by CDDP<\/jats:styled-content> were assessed by western blot, GFP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010LC<\/jats:styled-content>3 fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Inhibition of autophagy induced by 3MA<\/jats:styled-content>, CQ<\/jats:styled-content>, or B<\/jats:styled-content>eclin\u20101 shRNA<\/jats:styled-content> could all enhance human salivary gland ACC<\/jats:styled-content> cell death treated by CDDP<\/jats:styled-content>. And, levels of autophagy in these cells showed a significant increase after treated by CDDP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Autophagy played a protective role for human salivary gland ACC<\/jats:styled-content> cells during CDDP<\/jats:styled-content> chemotherapy. Inhibition of autophagy in these cells could enhance cisplatin cytotoxicity\u2010effects. These findings indicate a novel and promising way to reduce chemotherapy resistance and improve treatment outcome in human salivary gland ACC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,17]],"date-time":"2013-04-17T11:11:02Z","timestamp":1366197062000},"page":"774-780","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Inhibition of autophagy enhances cisplatin cytotoxicity in human adenoid cystic carcinoma cells of salivary glands"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Ben","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Guanghua School of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010Sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010zhong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Guanghua School of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010Sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gui\u2010qing","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Guanghua School of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010Sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010jie","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Guanghua School of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010Sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai\u2010chao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Guanghua School of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010Sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guang\u2010sen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Guanghua School of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010Sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010xiong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Guanghua School of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010Sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2009.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","unstructured":"PfisterDG AngK BrizelD et\u00a0al.NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. 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