{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T10:45:41Z","timestamp":1778582741791,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,18]],"date-time":"2013-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral lichen planus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>) is a chronic mucocutaneous inflammatory disease of unknown etiology with a potential for malignant transformation. Little is known about the epidemiology of this condition in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>rab world. A computer\u2010based literature search was conducted using relevant keywords to retrieve studies conducted in Arab world pertaining to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>, 28 articles were identified initially. After screening for exclusion criteria\/retrieving full texts, a total of 15 articles were used for this review. Three studies were cross\u2010sectional and found a prevalence ranging from 0.35% to 1.7%. Studies about risk factors and prognostic markers were conducted in clinical settings, using a case\u2013control design mostly (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a09), cohort (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02), and clinical trial (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01). Genetic expressions of various proteins (e.g., <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCL<\/jats:styled-content> family), cultural determinants (Deram chewing), bacterial and viral infections [<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>elicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>epatitis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>)] were among factors investigated. Evidence extracted from these studies shows a possible link between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content> and Deram use, <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> Infections with a prevalence of the latter infection ranging from 14.7% to 26.3% in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>. However, paucity of population\u2010based studies limits generalizability of such evidence. Future studies in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>rab world should focus upon surveying the extent of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>, identifying cultural risk factors, utilization of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content> genetic markers in diagnostic, and prognostic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,19]],"date-time":"2013-11-19T01:12:08Z","timestamp":1384823528000},"page":"723-727","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Oral lichen planus in <scp>A<\/scp>rab countries : a review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Lubna","family":"Al\u2010Nasser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Services Central Region Ministry of National Guard Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics College of Public Health and Health Informatics King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"El\u2010Metwally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics College of Public Health and Health Informatics King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411980090010501"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2010.00979.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2010.00946.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2002.00048.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2004.06.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1989.tb00647.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2007.00581.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1985.tb01915.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Clinical Evaluation of 150 Saudi Patients with Lichen Planus","volume":"9","author":"AlDosari A","year":"1997","journal-title":"Saudi Dent J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0256-4947.55166"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8229.98344","article-title":"The prevalence of indices of hepatitis C and B infection, and elevated aminotransferase enzymes in patients with oral lichen planus (olp) in eastern saudi arabia","volume":"5","author":"El\u2010Rifaei AM","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Family Community Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2005.243","article-title":"Association of lichen planus with hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"25","author":"Asaad T","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Hepatitis B and C virus infection and oral lichen planus: A report from Saudi Arabia","volume":"8","author":"Al\u2010Shawaf R","year":"2006","journal-title":"Saudi Dent J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2008.03029.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"1028","article-title":"Can deram be a cause of oral lichen planus?","volume":"29","author":"Al\u2010Hamdi KI","year":"2008","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2009.03464.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Is there a relationship between oral lichen planus and desmogliens?","volume":"55","author":"Ghallab N","year":"2009","journal-title":"Egypt Dent J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04229.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2010.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2009.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/847632"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2008.00662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Oral lichen planus and hepatitis C virus: is there real association?","volume":"15","author":"Al Robaee AA","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2010.01670.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral Pathology &amp; 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