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Toll\u2010like receptor 9 (TLR<\/jats:styled-content>9) is an immune receptor recognizing microbial DNA<\/jats:styled-content>. Its expression associates with prognosis or cancer properties in several cancers. This study examined the role of TLR<\/jats:styled-content>9 in MEC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Sixty patients with salivary gland MEC<\/jats:styled-content> were collected from two F<\/jats:styled-content>innish university hospitals, and tumor samples were stained for TLR<\/jats:styled-content>9. Salivary gland high\u2010grade MEC<\/jats:styled-content> cell line (UT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010MUC<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101) was cultured to assess TLR<\/jats:styled-content>9 and MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013 expression. The function of TLR<\/jats:styled-content>9 was studied in vitro<\/jats:italic> using traditional M<\/jats:styled-content>atrigel\u00ae<\/jats:sup> invasion assay and novel human myoma organotypic model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Cancer\u2010specific survival was related with tumor grade (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01), and there were no deaths in patients with low\u2010grade MEC<\/jats:styled-content>. TLR<\/jats:styled-content>9 was expressed in 56 of 60 (93%) tumors. High TLR<\/jats:styled-content>9 expression indicated better survival in the patient series (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002) and showed a trend for association with lower disease stage (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.06) and higher differentiation grade (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.068). In multivariate analysis, TLR<\/jats:styled-content>9 expression was prognostically insignificant due to heavy correlation to disease stage and higher gradus. Treating UT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010MUC<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 cells with TLR<\/jats:styled-content>9 ligand CpG in vitro<\/jats:italic> induced MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013 expression and invasion in M<\/jats:styled-content>atrigel\u00ae<\/jats:sup> invasion assay, whereas decreased invasion was seen in myoma organotypic model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Functional TLR<\/jats:styled-content>9 is present in salivary MEC<\/jats:styled-content>, and high level of expression may indicate good prognosis. However, more studies are needed to evaluate biological consequences of TLR<\/jats:styled-content>9 interaction in tumor cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,3]],"date-time":"2014-02-03T11:07:25Z","timestamp":1391425645000},"page":"530-537","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Toll\u2010like receptor 9 expression in mucoepidermoid salivary gland carcinoma may associate with good prognosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Johanna","family":"Korvala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Harjula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry University of Oulu Oulu 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