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Carcinoma\u2010associated fibroblasts (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAF<\/jats:styled-content>s), a major component of the tumor microenvironment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TME<\/jats:styled-content>), play an important role in tumor progression, and are associated with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to examine the role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAF<\/jats:styled-content>s in promoting the invasion of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSCC<\/jats:styled-content> through the epithelial\u2010to\u2010mesenchymal transition (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMT<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A series of matched <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAF<\/jats:styled-content> and normal fibroblast (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>) pairs were assessed for cell morphology and for the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (\u03b1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content>), stromal cell\u2010derived factor\u20101 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDF<\/jats:styled-content>1), fibroblast\u2010activating protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAP<\/jats:styled-content>), vimentin, and cytokeratin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CK<\/jats:styled-content>) markers. Transwell assays, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>estern blot analysis, reverse transcription\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>, and immunofluorescence staining were used to assess the role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAF<\/jats:styled-content>s, as compared to that of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>s, in promoting proliferation, migration, invasion, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMT<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSCC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAF<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content> primary cultures expressed vimentin but not <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CK<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAF<\/jats:styled-content>s showed significantly higher \u03b1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content> protein levels, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDF<\/jats:styled-content>1 secretion, and mRNA levels of \u03b1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> SDF<\/jats:styled-content>1, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAP<\/jats:styled-content>. We also found that co\u2010culture with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAF<\/jats:styled-content>s enhanced the proliferation and invasion of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>9 cells. Moreover, co\u2010culture with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAF<\/jats:styled-content>s induced upregulation of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMT<\/jats:styled-content> markers fibronectin and vimentin, downregulation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cadherin, and enhanced invasion in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>9 cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAF<\/jats:styled-content>s induce <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMT<\/jats:styled-content> marker expression and functional changes in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSCC<\/jats:styled-content>s.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T08:34:29Z","timestamp":1395304469000},"page":"585-592","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["A role for cancer\u2010associated fibroblasts in inducing the epithelial\u2010to\u2010mesenchymal transition in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Liang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou 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