{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T02:25:27Z","timestamp":1773627927909,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]],"date-time":"2014-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of patients diagnosed with osteomyelitis of the jaw have severe complaints. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis still remains unclear. Human \u00df\u2010defensins expressed in epithelial and bone tissues as a part of the innate immunity may be involved in disease development. In this study, we hypothesize that expression levels of human \u00df\u2010defensin\u20101 and \u20102 in the acute and secondary chronic osteomyelitis may be altered in comparison with healthy bone and with bisphosphonate\u2010associated necrosis as well as irradiation from a previous study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bone samples were collected during surgical debridement in a total of eight patients suffering from acute or secondary chronic osteomyelitis of the jaw. Expression levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hBD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 and \u20102 were quantified and related to non\u2010stained cells. Ratios were compared by one\u2010way ANOVA and multiple tests by Holm\u2013Bonferroni.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple testing revealed no significant differences for expression levels of human \u00df\u2010defensin\u20101 between all groups, whereas labeling index of human \u00df\u2010defensin\u20102 was significantly different between specimens of bisphosphonate\u2010associated osteonecrosis of the jaws and all other groups. No significant difference occurred between samples of floride osteomyelitis and healthy bone for expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hBD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 and \u20102.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the affected patients showed all clinical signs of acute inflammation, expression levels in acute and secondary chronic osteomyelitis in the jaws did not reveal statistically significant differences compared with healthy bone samples. The weak immunological host response in terms of a putative genetically predisposition should be further discussed as pathogenesis factor for osteomyelitis in the future.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,17]],"date-time":"2014-06-17T00:42:09Z","timestamp":1402965729000},"page":"88-93","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Immunohistological expression of human \u00df\u2010defensin\u20101 and human \u00df\u2010defensin\u20102 in exacerbation of acute and secondary chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Benedicta E.","family":"Beck\u2010Broichsitter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf Hamburg 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