{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T13:54:52Z","timestamp":1781963692655,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,28]],"date-time":"2014-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Oral Pathology Research Fund of the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, University of Minnesota"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LJSGH<\/jats:styled-content>) is a distinct type of gingival hyperplastic lesion with specific clinicopathologic features. Evaluation of the morphological characteristics of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LJSGH<\/jats:styled-content> indicates the potential role of human papillomavirus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content>) infection as an underlying etiopathogenetic mechanism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LJSGH<\/jats:styled-content> from 2008 to present were retrieved. Clinical and demographic data were collected. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> status was investigated by p16<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INK<\/jats:styled-content>4A immunohistochemistry and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010Polymerase chain reaction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010one cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LJSGH<\/jats:styled-content> were identified, 14 (66.7%) affecting males and seven (33.3%) females (M:F\u00a0=\u00a02:1, age range: 8\u201336, mean: 13\u00a0years). All lesions were well\u2010demarcated, exophytic, erythematous, and hemorrhagic with granular or slightly papillary surface. Preponderance for the maxillary gingiva (19, 90.5%) was observed. Two (9.5%) patients presented with recurrence 20 and 21\u00a0months after excision (mean follow\u2010up: 18.7\u00a0months). Histopathologically, all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LJSGH<\/jats:styled-content> lesions featured epithelial hyperplasia with intense neutrophilic exocytosis and spongiosis. All cases demonstrated positivity for p16<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INK<\/jats:styled-content>4A with the majority of specimens (47.6%) intensely decorated in &gt;50% of the overlying epithelium with focal immunostaining observed in 47.6% and diffuse in 52.4%. Thirteen cases (61.9%) were negative for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV DNA<\/jats:styled-content> by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>, while two (9.5%) were suspicious for the presence of low levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV DNA<\/jats:styled-content> but definitive genotyping was not possible. One case (4.8%) displayed positivity for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content>\u201031. The remaining five cases failed the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> reaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human papillomavirus does not participate in the pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LJSGH<\/jats:styled-content>. P16<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INK<\/jats:styled-content>4A expression in the absence of detectable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV DNA<\/jats:styled-content> can likely be attributed to the intense inflammation associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LJSGH<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,28]],"date-time":"2014-07-28T05:09:11Z","timestamp":1406524151000},"page":"37-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia featuring unusual p16<scp>INK<\/scp>4A labeling and negative human papillomavirus status by polymerase chain reaction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Prokopios P.","family":"Argyris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology School of Dentistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew C.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology School of Medicine University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Styliani","family":"Papanakou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine School of Dentistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stavroula","family":"Merkourea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine School of Dentistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos I.","family":"Tosios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine School of Dentistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis G.","family":"Koutlas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology School of Dentistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.060502"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"360","article-title":"Localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia: a report of 3 cases","volume":"35","author":"Solomon LW","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"1312","article-title":"Oral and maxillofacial pathology case of the month. 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