{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:33:02Z","timestamp":1793143982294,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]],"date-time":"2014-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Grant of China","award":["81272949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81272949"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Grant of China","award":["81202136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81202136"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Grant of China","award":["81172567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81172567"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Grant of China","award":["81372885"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81372885"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013286","name":"Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["20120171120068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20120171120068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Province Nature Science Foundation","award":["S2013010016848"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S2013010016848"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["11ykpy47"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11ykpy47"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tumor budding has been suggested to be a prognostic factor in various human cancers. However, the prognostic value of tumor budding for early\u2010stage (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cT<\/jats:styled-content>1\/2N0) tongue squamous cell carcinoma remains inconclusive. This study analyzed the correlation of tumor budding with the clinicopathologic features, and its prognostic significance for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cT<\/jats:styled-content>1\/2N0 stage tongue squamous cell carcinoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and ninety\u2010five patients with T1\/2 stage tongue squamous cell carcinoma enrolled in the retrospective study. Tumor invasive depth, the intensity of tumor budding, and other clinicopathological features were reviewed. Overall survivals were evaluated by the Kaplan\u2013Meier method. For multivariable analysis, Cox's proportional hazards regression models were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The frequency of tumor buds in tongue squamous cell carcinoma is about 85.6% in this study. The intensity of tumor budding showed strong correlations with occult lymph node metastasis (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05), local relapse (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.01), worse invasive pattern (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.01), and invasive depth (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05). The invasive depth was significantly associated with <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic> classification (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.01) and lymph node metastasis (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.01). And both high intensity of tumor budding and deeper invasive depth correlated with reduced overall survival. Cox's regression models proved tumor budding to be an independent prognostic factor in clinical early\u2010stage tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Tumor local relapses were also a predictor of tongue squamous cell carcinoma progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tumor budding is a frequent event in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. It independently predicted prognosis of patients with T1\/2 stage tongue squamous cell carcinoma and may be used for routing pathological diagnosis and the decision of elective lymph node dissection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]],"date-time":"2014-08-28T16:27:48Z","timestamp":1409243268000},"page":"266-272","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Tumor budding correlates with occult cervical lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in clinical early\u2010stage tongue squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Nan","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology Guanghua School of Stomatology Hospital of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 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Stomatology Hospital of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinsong","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Guanghua School of Stomatology Hospital of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology Guanghua School of Stomatology Hospital of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongzhang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Guanghua School of Stomatology Hospital of Stomatology Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 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