{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T05:02:45Z","timestamp":1770613365627,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]],"date-time":"2015-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin B12 deficiency may result in pernicious anemia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA<\/jats:styled-content>). This study evaluated whether all the patients with vitamin B12 deficiency had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The blood hemoglobin (Hb), iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and homocysteine concentrations and mean corpuscular volume (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCV<\/jats:styled-content>) in 90 vitamin B12\u2010deficient patients were measured and compared with the corresponding data in 180 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy control subjects. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA<\/jats:styled-content> was defined by World Health Organization (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content>) as having an Hb concentration &lt;13\u00a0g\/dl for men and &lt;12\u00a0g\/dl for women, an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0\u2267\u00a0100\u00a0fl, a serum vitamin B12 level &lt;200\u00a0pg\/ml, and serum gastric parietal cell antibody (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPCA<\/jats:styled-content>) positivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that 35 (38.9%) and 20 (22.2%) patients with vitamin B12 deficiency had deficiencies of Hb (men &lt;13\u00a0g\/dl, women &lt;12\u00a0g\/dl) and iron (&lt;60\u00a0\u03bcg\/dl), respectively. Moreover, 65 (72.2%) and 37 (41.1%) patients with vitamin B12 deficiency had abnormally high blood homocysteine level (&gt;12.7\u00a0\u03bcM) and high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCV<\/jats:styled-content> (\u2267100\u00a0fl), respectively. In addition, 43 (47.8%) vitamin B12\u2010deficient patients with had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPCA<\/jats:styled-content> positivity. Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency had a significantly higher frequency of Hb or iron deficiency, of abnormally elevated blood homocysteine level or high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCV<\/jats:styled-content>, and of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPCA<\/jats:styled-content> positivity than healthy control subjects (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010values\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). However, only 17 (18.9%) of 90 vitamin B12\u2010deficient patients were diagnosed as having <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA<\/jats:styled-content> by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content> definition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only 18.9% of patients with vitamin B12 deficiency are discovered to have <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA<\/jats:styled-content> by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content> definition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]],"date-time":"2015-05-18T12:27:19Z","timestamp":1431952039000},"page":"23-27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Do all the patients with vitamin B12 deficiency have pernicious anemia?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Andy","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry School of Dentistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry National Taiwan University Hospital College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia Y.\u2010F.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry School of Dentistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry National Taiwan University Hospital College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry School of Dentistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry National Taiwan University Hospital College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shih\u2010Jung","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry School of Dentistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry National Taiwan University Hospital College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsin\u2010Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry School of Dentistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry National Taiwan University Hospital College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Oral Biology School of Dentistry National Taiwan University Taipei 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