{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T21:17:23Z","timestamp":1778534243554,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,21]],"date-time":"2015-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periapical inflammatory lesions have been investigated previously, but understanding of pathogenesis of these lesions (granulomas and radicular cysts) at the molecular level is still questionable. Matrix metalloproteinases (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>s) are enzymes involved in the development of periapical pathology, specifically inflammation and tissue destruction. To elucidate pathogenesis of periapical granulomas and radicular cysts, we undertook a detailed analysis of gene expression of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102<\/jats:italic> and their tissue inhibitors, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 149 samples were analyzed using real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> (59 radicular cysts, 50 periapical granulomas and 40 healthy gingiva samples as controls) for expression of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102<\/jats:italic> genes. The determination of best reference gene for expression analysis of periapical lesions was done using a panel of 12 genes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have shown that \u03b2\u2010actin and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GAPDH<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> are not the most stable reference controls for gene expression analysis of inflammatory periapical tissues and healthy gingiva. The most suitable reference gene\u00a0was determined to be <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDHA<\/jats:styled-content> (a succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A, flavoprotein [Fp]). We found that granulomas (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a050) and radicular cysts (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a059) exhibited significantly higher expression of all four examined genes, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102<\/jats:italic>, when compared to healthy gingiva (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a040; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study has confirmed that the expression of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102<\/jats:italic> genes is important for the pathogenesis of periapical inflammatory lesions. Since the abovementioned markers were not differentially expressed in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts, the challenge of finding the genetic differences between the two lesions still remains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,21]],"date-time":"2015-08-21T12:02:30Z","timestamp":1440158550000},"page":"224-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Gene\u2010expression analysis of matrix metalloproteinases 1\u00a0and 2 and their tissue inhibitors in chronic periapical inflammatory lesions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Naida","family":"Hadziabdic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery School of Dental Medicine University of Sarajevo Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amina","family":"Kurtovic\u2010Kozaric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naris","family":"Pojskic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nedim","family":"Sulejmanagic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Dental Practice \u2018Sulejmanagic\u2019 Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ljubomir","family":"Todorovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Academy of the Serbian Medical Society Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2009.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"186","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases and their role in oral diseases: review","volume":"3","author":"Varun B","year":"2012","journal-title":"OMPJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.2010.02547.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608501202"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(75)90243-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(75)90573-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.3.770"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2814","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)35860-X","article-title":"Secretion of metalloproteinases by stimulated capillary endotzhelial cells. 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