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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cell phone use alters cytokine expression in the saliva produced by the parotid glands.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cytokine expression profile was determined by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>) in the saliva produced by the parotid glands in healthy volunteers, and correlated with self\u2010reported cell phone use and laterality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The following parameters were determined, in 83 Brazilian individuals in saliva produced by the parotid glands comparing the saliva from the gland exposed to cell phone radiation (ipsilateral) to that from the contralateral parotid: salivary flow, total protein concentration, interleukin 1 \u03b2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 \u03b2), interleukin 6 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106), interleukin 10 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010), interferon \u03b3 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3), and tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1) salivary levels by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>. After multiple testing correction, decreased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 and increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 salivary levels in the ipsilateral side compared with the contralateral side (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) were detected. Subjects who used cell phones for more than 10 years presented higher differences between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 levels in ipsilateral versus contralateral parotids (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0012). No difference was observed in any of the tested parameters in correlation with cell phone monthly usage in minutes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The exposure of parotid glands to cell phones can alter salivary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 levels, consistent with a pro\u2010inflammatory microenvironment that may be related to heat production.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]],"date-time":"2016-02-15T04:43:06Z","timestamp":1455511386000},"page":"682-686","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cell phone use is associated with an inflammatory cytokine profile of parotid gland saliva"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Elisa Carvalho","family":"Siqueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology School of Dentistry Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabr\u00edcio Tin\u00f4co Alvim","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology School of Dentistry Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efig\u00eania","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry School of Dentistry Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renan Pedra","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Biology Biological Sciences Institute Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel Costa","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology School of Dentistry Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eitan","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer and the Sackler School of Medicine Tel\u2010Aviv University Tel\u2010Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus Vin\u00edcius","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina Cavali\u00e9ri","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Institute of Biological Sciences Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Santiago","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology School of Dentistry Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Electromagnetic fields and public health: mobile phones. 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