{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T15:08:38Z","timestamp":1776179318072,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]],"date-time":"2016-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral lichen planus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>) is an idiopathic T\u2010cell\u2010mediated mucosal inflammatory disease. Cathepsin K (Cat K) is one of the lysosomal cysteine proteases. It is involved in many pathological conditions, including osteoporosis and cancer. The expression and role of Cat K in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content> are unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010five oral mucosal specimens diagnosed histopathologically as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content> and fourteen healthy controls (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>) were used to study the immunohistochemical (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IHC<\/jats:styled-content>) expression of Cat K. Colocalization of Cat K with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>1a, Melan\u2010A, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>68, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>45, mast cell tryptase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCT<\/jats:styled-content>), and Toll\u2010like receptors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>s) 4 and 9 were studied using double <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IHC<\/jats:styled-content> and\/or immunofluorescence (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IF<\/jats:styled-content>) staining. Expression of Cat K was also evaluated in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content> tissue samples before and after topical tacrolimus treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cat K was expressed in a higher percentage of cells in the epithelial zone, and the staining intensity was stronger in the stroma in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content> compared to controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>, Cat K was present mostly in melanocytes and macrophages and sporadically in basal keratinocytes, endothelial cells, and extracellularly. Cat K was found also in some fibroblasts in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content> samples. Coexpression of Cat K and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>s 4 and 9 was seen in some dendritic cells (presumably melanocytes) and macrophages. In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>, tacrolimus treatment reduced the expression of Cat K in the epithelium but increased it in the stroma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that Cat K is involved in the pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>. Cat K possibly takes part in the modulation of matrix molecules and cellular receptors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]],"date-time":"2016-05-06T23:44:42Z","timestamp":1462578282000},"page":"758-765","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cathepsin K expression is increased in oral lichen planus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Siponen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina Cavalcante","family":"Bitu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Al\u2010Samadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pentti","family":"Nieminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Informatics and Statistics Research Group University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tuula","family":"Salo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"},{"name":"HUSLAB Department of Pathology Helsinki University Central Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2013.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2013-0134"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2015.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12378"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00454.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070925"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1150110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2015.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200901"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","volume-title":"ImageJ","author":"Rasband WS","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12230"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/32588"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2013.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1699"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350601137251"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2008.00741.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20100682"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1050-9_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.090262"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2011.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2012.01169.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2012.07.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2010.01127.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2014.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/309718"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12294"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01158.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2012.02.007"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral Pathology &amp; 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