{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:08:28Z","timestamp":1790312908553,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,15]],"date-time":"2016-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>Oral lichen planus (OLP<\/jats:styled-content>) is a common T\u2010cell\u2010dominated oral chronic inflammatory disease occurring in periods of remission, quiescence, activity with pronounced inflammation, and acute ulceration. Cell infiltrates in OLP<\/jats:styled-content> contain varying numbers of CD4+<\/jats:sup> T cells expressing the transcription factor FoxP3. FoxP3+<\/jats:sup>CD4+<\/jats:sup> T cells are, however, a heterogeneous cell population containing suppressive and non\u2010suppressive cells, and their distribution in infiltrates from OLP<\/jats:styled-content> is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Biopsies were taken from normal oral mucosa (n<\/jats:italic> = 8) and OLP<\/jats:styled-content> lesions (n<\/jats:italic> = 19), and a set of in situ<\/jats:italic> methods for the determination of the functional phenotype of FoxP3+<\/jats:sup>CD4+<\/jats:sup> T cells was applied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Numbers of FoxP3+<\/jats:sup>CD4+<\/jats:sup> T cells were highest in the atrophic form of the disease, yet low in the ulcerative form. The main FoxP3+<\/jats:sup>CD4+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell population observed was FoxP3+<\/jats:sup>CD45RA\u2212<\/jats:sup>CD25+<\/jats:sup>CD45RO+<\/jats:sup> and CD15s\u2212<\/jats:sup>, a phenotype delineating a non\u2010suppressive subset. Numbers of cells with an actively suppressing phenotype (FoxP3+<\/jats:sup>CD45RA\u2212<\/jats:sup>CD25+<\/jats:sup>CD45RO+<\/jats:sup> and CD15s+<\/jats:sup>) were, however, about twice as high in reticular lesions as compared with the atrophic form. Many FoxP3+<\/jats:sup>CD4+<\/jats:sup> T cells expressed T\u2010bet, the hallmark transcription factor for IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3\u2010producing T cells, indicating that they may enhance immune and inflammatory responses rather than suppress them.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>The absence of actively suppressing FoxP3+<\/jats:sup>CD4+<\/jats:sup> T cells may in part explain why OLP<\/jats:styled-content> is a remarkably persisting condition, in spite of the presence of substantially high numbers of FoxP3+<\/jats:sup>CD4+<\/jats:sup> T cells. The findings emphasize that it is crucial to examine not only numbers but also functional phenotype of FoxP3+<\/jats:sup>CD4+<\/jats:sup> T cells in human tissues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,16]],"date-time":"2016-04-16T01:56:06Z","timestamp":1460771766000},"page":"766-773","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Phenotypically non\u2010suppressive cells predominate among FoxP3\u2010positive cells in oral lichen planus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Olav","family":"Schreurs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The CrossTalk Group Department of Oral Biology University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Karatsaidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The CrossTalk Group Department of Oral Biology University of Oslo Oslo 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