{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T19:15:03Z","timestamp":1781723703798,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral cancer is the commonest cause of death in the Indian population, with a mortality rate of 0.3 million deaths per year. Oral submucous fibrosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSMF<\/jats:styled-content>) is a potentially malignant disorder that has a high prevalence rate in India. It has been found that serum lactate dehydrogenase levels are increased in potentially malignant and malignant disorders. There are very few data on the application of salivary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDH<\/jats:styled-content> in the detection of such disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The estimation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDH<\/jats:styled-content> levels in saliva as diagnostic markers, using a noninvasive method in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSMF<\/jats:styled-content>, oral cancer, and in the controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 60 subjects with the age range of 20\u201370 years were selected from the Department of Oral Medicine &amp; Radiology and were grouped into three groups. Twenty\u2010five subjects with clinically diagnosed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSMF<\/jats:styled-content> (Group I), 25 subjects with histopathologically diagnosed oral cancer (Group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>), and 10 subjects as control (Group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>). Five milliliters of unstimulated whole saliva was aseptically collected. Following which, the collected saliva was centrifuged and then analyzed by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ERBA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHEM<\/jats:styled-content> 5 semi auto\u2010analyzer. The values obtained were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test using the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPSS<\/jats:styled-content> software version 22. <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value &lt; 0.05\u2010 was taken as significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDH<\/jats:styled-content> levels were Group I 608.28 \u00b1 30.22, Group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> 630.96 \u00b1 39.80, and Group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> 182.21 \u00b1 34.85. The <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value obtained was 0.0009 for both Group I and Group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> which was highly significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Salivary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDH<\/jats:styled-content> levels were consistently higher in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSMF<\/jats:styled-content> and oral cancer; hence, it could be a future biomarker.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T20:29:40Z","timestamp":1462134580000},"page":"687-690","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Lactate dehydrogenase as a biomarker in oral cancer and oral submucous fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Basavaraj N.","family":"Kallalli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine &amp; Radiology Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College &amp; 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Hospital Visnagar Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peeyush","family":"Shivhare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine &amp; Radiology Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College &amp; Hospital Visnagar Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"Potentially malignant disorders of oral cavity","volume":"2","author":"George A","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Pathol J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Global cancer facts & figures","author":"American Cancer Society","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.2000.1323"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21358"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(98)00107-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-3284-1-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"Potentially malignant disorders of oral cavity","volume":"2","author":"George A","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Pathol J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1968.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00485.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2013.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-4388.26022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.119353"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601004010172"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12246"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Oral potentially malignant disorders: an overview of more than 20 entities","volume":"8","author":"Mortazavi H","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-010-0158-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5851.56328"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V56.3.351.351","article-title":"Serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in acute leukemia: Marked elevations in lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"56","author":"Kornberg A","year":"1980","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2278-330X.155629"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02969506"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)98146-9","article-title":"Lactic Dehydrogenase","volume":"234","author":"Novoa WB","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09081736"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2001.31.6.282"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-290-2_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-007-0207-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.92226","article-title":"Salivary lactate dehydrogenase levels in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a biochemical and clinicopathological study","volume":"8","author":"Achalli S","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-029X.141342"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.138193"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.150352"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral Pathology &amp; 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