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Their heterogeneity and lack of specific markers is increasingly recognized. Integrin \u03b111 was recently shown to be expressed by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAF<\/jats:styled-content>s and might serve as a specific <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAF<\/jats:styled-content> marker.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate integrin \u03b111 expression and its correlation with the expression of a well\u2010known marker of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAF<\/jats:styled-content>, alpha smooth muscle actin (\u03b1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content>), in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNSCC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fresh frozen (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FF<\/jats:styled-content>) and formalin\u2010fixed paraffin\u2010embedded (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FFPE<\/jats:styled-content>) samples from healthy volunteers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 24), oral lichen planus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 32) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNSCC<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 106) were collected together with clinical data after ethical approval. Immunohistochemistry to detect integrin \u03b111 and \u03b1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content> was performed on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FF<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FFPE<\/jats:styled-content> samples. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">qPCR<\/jats:styled-content> for integrin \u03b111 <jats:italic>(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITGA<\/jats:styled-content>11)<\/jats:italic> and \u03b1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content> <jats:italic>(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACTA<\/jats:styled-content>2)<\/jats:italic> was performed on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FF<\/jats:styled-content> samples. Data were analysed using chi\u2010square test and Kaplan\u2013Meier survival analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significantly higher levels of integrin \u03b111 and \u03b1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content> at both protein and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> levels were found in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNSCC<\/jats:styled-content> vs. normal controls and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>. A strong correlation was found between integrin \u03b111 and \u03b1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content> expression, and double staining showed their colocalization. Both integrin \u03b111 and \u03b1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content> were detected surrounding metastatic islands. Expression of \u03b1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content> at tumour front but not tumour centre correlated with patient survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Integrin \u03b111 was overexpressed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNSCC<\/jats:styled-content> stroma and colocalized with \u03b1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content>. Expression of \u03b1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content> at tumour front but not tumour centre had prognostic value for survival, pinpointing the importance of assessing tumour front when evaluating stromal molecules as prognostic biomarkers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]],"date-time":"2016-10-11T17:11:41Z","timestamp":1476205901000},"page":"267-275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Integrin \u03b111 is overexpressed by tumour stroma of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and correlates positively with alpha smooth muscle actin expression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Himalaya","family":"Parajuli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gade Laboratory for Pathology Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO) 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