{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:38:56Z","timestamp":1790692736705,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]],"date-time":"2016-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81400533"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81400533"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81671926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671926"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in hedgehog (Hh) expression and its possible effects on cartilage degeneration in adjuvant\u2010induced temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJOA<\/jats:styled-content>) of rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010eight male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were randomly divided into experimental osteoarthritis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OA<\/jats:styled-content>) and sham control groups. The bilateral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>s of six rats from each group were harvested at three, seven, 14, and 28 days. Histological changes in condylar cartilage were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin, toluidine blue, and safranin O staining. The expression of Hh signal\u2010related proteins including Indian hedgehog (Ihh), patched\u20101 (Ptch1), smoothened (Smo), glioma\u2010associated oncogene homologue1 (Gli1) in cartilage was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase\u201013 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013), type X collagen, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADAMTS<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105) in cartilage was evaluated by Western blot.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The histological analysis showed marked cartilage degeneration in adjuvant\u2010induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OA<\/jats:styled-content> groups, including reduced cartilage cellular density, thinner and degraded cartilage, and decreased proteoglycan content in the extracellular matrix. Compared with matched control groups, the expression of Ihh, Ptch1, Smo, and Gli1 in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OA<\/jats:styled-content> groups was higher in a time\u2010dependent manner. The protein levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013, type X collagen, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADAMTS<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105 were substantially increased in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OA<\/jats:styled-content> cartilage compared with those in matched control rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results indicate that the activation of Ihh signaling may be correlated with pathological changes of condylar cartilage in adjuvant\u2010induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJOA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]],"date-time":"2016-09-20T09:32:53Z","timestamp":1474363973000},"page":"284-291","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Hedgehog signal expression in articular cartilage of rat temporomandibular joint and association with adjuvant\u2010induced osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Ting","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University Hangzhou China"},{"name":"School of Stomatology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaoli","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiling","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Center First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"295","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders: osteoarthritis","volume":"13","author":"Zarb GA","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Association between temporomandibular joint symptoms, signs, and clinical diagnosis using the RDC\/TMD and radiographic findings in temporomandibular joint tomograms","volume":"22","author":"Wiese M","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp051726"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30306"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2008.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.018044"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608449104"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510363078"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.045021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04117"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2055"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2009.270"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4437"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms15057250"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2012.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512441946"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515574770"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910508400802"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045036"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511421930"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2010.01782.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(95)90632-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(02)00331-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350715"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2014.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000803600601"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03369"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral Pathology &amp; 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