{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:27:48Z","timestamp":1792106868728,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,21]],"date-time":"2017-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low\u2010level laser therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLLT<\/jats:styled-content>) has been proposed as a potential treatment strategy for the treatment of oral lichen planus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>). The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLLT<\/jats:styled-content>, in comparison with corticosteroid therapy, in the treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic review aimed to address the following focused question: \u201cDoes <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLLT<\/jats:styled-content> yield better clinical outcomes than corticosteroid therapy in the treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>?\u201d Indexed databases were searched up to and including April 2017. Clinical trials in humans diagnosed clinically and\/or histologically with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content> allocated to test (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLLT<\/jats:styled-content>) versus control (steroid therapy) groups were included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five clinical studies were included. The risk of bias was considered high in four studies and moderate in one study. Laser wavelengths, power, spot size, and duration of laser exposure ranged between 630 and 970 nm, 10\u20103000 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mW<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.2\u20101.0\u2009cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, and 6\u2013480 seconds, respectively. The follow\u2010up period ranged from 4 to 48 weeks. All included studies reporting clinical scores showed that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLLT<\/jats:styled-content> was effective in the treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content> in adult patients at follow\u2010up. Three studies showed significantly higher improvements with topical use of corticosteroids compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLLT<\/jats:styled-content>, while one study showed significant improvement with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLLT<\/jats:styled-content>. One study showed comparable outcomes between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLLT<\/jats:styled-content> and corticosteroid application.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>It remains debatable whether <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLLT<\/jats:styled-content> is more effective as compared to corticosteroids in the treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OLP<\/jats:styled-content>, given that the scientific evidence is weak. These findings are preliminary and further randomized clinical trials are recommended.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]],"date-time":"2017-08-02T10:03:06Z","timestamp":1501668186000},"page":"11-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Efficacy of low\u2010level laser therapy compared to steroid therapy in the treatment of oral lichen planus: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9618-8818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zohaib","family":"Akram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dentistry Ziauddin University Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Abduljabbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences College of Dentistry King Saud University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahim","family":"Vohra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences College of Dentistry King Saud University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fawad","family":"Javed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Dentistry Eastman Institute for Oral Health University of Rochester Rochester NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/bjom.2000.0335"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.49.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2009.01124.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2011.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12128"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2003.00173.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-013-1313-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-012-1057-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00580.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2007.2134"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2015.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"e566","article-title":"The effect of diode laser and topical steroid on serum level of TNF\u2010alpha in oral lichen planus patients","volume":"8","author":"Othman NA","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2010.2876"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.19.6.068002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-1-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"HigginsJPT GreenS eds.Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0. 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