{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T08:43:11Z","timestamp":1775724191362,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,16]],"date-time":"2018-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC<\/jats:styled-content>) is a rare tumor occurring in the salivary gland. SDC<\/jats:styled-content> is a highly aggressive tumor and its prognosis is extremely poor. Effective treatments in advanced SDC<\/jats:styled-content> have not yet been established. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors have paved the way for the treatment of various malignancies. We examined the expressions of programed death ligand (PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L) 1\/PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L2 and programed death (PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101), and the correlation of clinicopathological findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>We examined 18 cases of SDC<\/jats:styled-content> and conducted immunohistochemical staining using formalin\u2010fixed paraffin\u2010embedded full\u2010face sections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The expression of PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 and PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L2 in tumor cells was observed in nine cases (50%) and 14 cases (78%), respectively. Cases with a high expression of PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 and PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L2 were found in four (22%) and seven cases (39%), respectively. The cases with a high expression of PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 showed significantly shorter overall survival compared to those with low PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 expression and null expression. We also examined the expression of PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1\/PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L2 and PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 of tumor\u2010infiltrating mononuclear cells (TIMC<\/jats:styled-content>) in stroma. The expressions of PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 in tumor cells and stroma had a significant correlation. Association between the expressions of PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 in tumor cells and those of PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 in stroma was significant. However, PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L2 expression in the tumor had no significant correlation with expression in TIMC<\/jats:styled-content>s. PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1, PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L2 and PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 expressions in stroma were not associated with patient prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>High PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 expression in SDC<\/jats:styled-content> was strongly associated with unfavorable prognosis, indicating that PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\/PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 inhibitors could be effective in SDC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]],"date-time":"2018-05-02T17:28:33Z","timestamp":1525282113000},"page":"683-690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The expression of programed death ligand\u20101 could be related with unfavorable prognosis in salivary duct carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Fumihiko","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume Japan"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2657-8604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Akiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Pathology Kurume University Hospital Kurume, Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Kawahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Pathology Kurume University Hospital Kurume, Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Naito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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