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Inclusion criteria comprised cases diagnosed as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBL<\/jats:styled-content> affecting the oral cavity and gnathic bones with sufficient data to confirm the diagnoses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 70 publications were included, representing 153 cases. Oral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBL<\/jats:styled-content> predominantly affected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive males (76.4%). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBV<\/jats:styled-content> was observed in 63.4% of the cases. The gingiva was the most involved site and the lesion usually presented as an asymptomatic swelling. Most cases were classified as stage I (21.6%), and chemotherapy alone was applied in 28.8% of the cases. There was a significant association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBV<\/jats:styled-content> infections, and cases affecting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010negative patients were more common in older individuals. Cumulative survival of the patients achieved 42.4% and 33.5% after 2 and 5\u00a0years, respectively. Although there were no statistically significant clinicopathological parameters in the univariate analysis, the multivariate Cox regression model demonstrated that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive status, presence of B\u2010symptoms, and chemotherapy alone were independent prognostic determinants of a poor prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBL<\/jats:styled-content> is an aggressive neoplasm with low survival rates, which is influenced by the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBV<\/jats:styled-content>, presence of B\u2010symptoms, and with the use of chemotherapy 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