{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T09:32:04Z","timestamp":1778837524125,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]],"date-time":"2018-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Actinic cheilitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content>) is a potentially malignant disorder that can progress to squamous cell carcinoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>), but this process is not fully understood. This study evaluated the immunoexpression of glucocorticoid receptor alpha (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GR<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1) isoform and apoptotic proteins (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Bcl<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Bax<\/jats:styled-content>) in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content> and lower lip <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLSCC<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content> and 44 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLSCC<\/jats:styled-content>s (22 with regional nodal metastasis and 22 without metastasis) were selected. The percentages of nuclear (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GR<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1) and cytoplasmic (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GR<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1, Bcl\u20102, and Bax) staining in epithelial cells were assessed and correlated with clinical (tumor size\/extent and clinical stage) and histopathological parameters (risk of malignant transformation for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content> and histopathological grade of malignancy for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLSCC<\/jats:styled-content>s).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GR<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 was observed in all cases studied, with relatively high median percentages of positive staining. When compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> LLSCC<\/jats:styled-content>s exhibited lower nuclear expression and higher cytoplasmic expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GR<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Regarding clinicopathological parameters, significant differences were only found for cytoplasmic expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GR<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 according to the histopathological grade of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLSCC<\/jats:styled-content>s (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.036). Higher expression of Bax compared to Bcl\u20102 was observed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLSCC<\/jats:styled-content>s (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLSCC<\/jats:styled-content>s, there was a positive correlation between nuclear and cytoplasmic expressions of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GR<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.006).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reduced nuclear translocation and increased cytoplasmic expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GR<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 may be important events in lip carcinogenesis but are not involved in the progression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLSCC<\/jats:styled-content>. The role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GR<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 in lip cancer development does not seem to be primarily related to modulations in the expression of Bcl\u20102 or Bax.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,23]],"date-time":"2018-06-23T13:28:40Z","timestamp":1529760520000},"page":"788-795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Immunoexpression of glucocorticoid receptor alpha (<scp>GR<\/scp>\u03b1) isoform and apoptotic proteins (Bcl\u20102 and Bax) in actinic cheilitis and lower lip squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Luana Samara Baldu\u00edno","family":"de Sena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Dentistry Dental School State University of Para\u00edba Campina Grande PB Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c9ricka Janine Dantas","family":"da Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology Dental School Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal RN Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2117-5593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline Carvalho","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology (Oral Pathology) Dental School Federal University of Goi\u00e1s Goi\u00e2nia Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elismauro Francisco","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology (Oral Pathology) Dental School Federal University of Goi\u00e1s Goi\u00e2nia Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pollianna 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