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Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is one of the oral precancerous lesions with high incidence of malignant transformation. In addition to cancer cells, cancer\u2010associated fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment are correlated with cancer progression, but the role of fibroblasts from OSF in tumorigenesis and progression is still unknown. Growth\u2010regulated oncogene\u2010\u03b1 (GRO\u2010\u03b1), a member of CXC chemokine family, is related to tumorigenesis in several cancers. In this study, we would like to explore the role of GRO\u2010\u03b1 from OSF\u2010associated fibroblasts in oral cancer progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We isolated primary culture fibroblasts of normal, precancerous, and tumor tissues from patients with OSCC accompanied with OSF. A cytokine array was used to screen cytokine secretions in the conditioned media of the fibroblasts. A wound healing migration assay, WST\u20101 cell proliferation assay, rhodamine\u2010phalloidin staining, and soft agar colony formation assay were used to investigate the effects of GRO\u2010\u03b1 on a dysplastic oral keratinocyte cell line (DOK) cell migration, growth, and anchorage\u2010independent growth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>GRO\u2010\u03b1 was identified to be increased in conditioned media of OSF\u2010associated fibroblasts. GRO\u2010\u03b1 promotes DOK cells proliferation, migration, and anchorage\u2010independent growth through enhancing the EGFR\/ERK signaling pathway, F\u2010actin rearrangement, and stemness properties, respectively. Moreover, GRO\u2010\u03b1 neutralizing antibodies downregulated the conditioned medium\u2010induced cell proliferation and migration of DOK.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>GRO\u2010\u03b1 from OSF\u2010associated fibroblasts paracrinally promotes oral malignant transformation and significantly contributes to OSCC development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,23]],"date-time":"2018-07-23T11:03:22Z","timestamp":1532343802000},"page":"880-886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Growth\u2010regulated oncogene\u2010\u03b1 from oral submucous fibrosis fibroblasts promotes malignant transformation of oral precancerous cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Mei\u2010Yin","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutes of Oral Medicine National Cheng 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