{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T14:28:49Z","timestamp":1771338529733,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]],"date-time":"2019-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81671002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oral Pathology Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant lesion characterized by epithelial\u2010mesenchymal transition (EMT). Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) promotes EMT in fibrotic diseases, but the underlying mechanisms and its potential role in OSF are unclear. This study investigates whether BMP4 plays a role in the pathogenesis of OSF and explores the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The expression of BMP4 and the EMT proteins E\u2010cadherin and vimentin was investigated in OSF specimens by immunohistochemical staining. Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between BMP4 and the EMT markers. Western blotting and RT\u2010PCR assays were used to analyze the effect of arecoline (a known EMT\u2010promoting pathogenic factor in OSF) on BMP4 and identify the transcription factor involved. Confocal microscopy was used to observe the intracellular sublocalization of the identified transcription factor, Yes\u2010associated protein 1 (YAP1). Finally, siRNA silencing of BMP4 was used to determine its effect on YAP1 activation and arecoline\u2010induced EMT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>BMP4 is overexpressed in OSF and plays a role in EMT, as its expression correlates with the expression of E\u2010cadherin and vimentin. Arecoline induces BMP4 expression via the activation of YAP1 (through its nuclear translocation). Furthermore, the YAP1\/BMP4 mechanism is the main molecular event in arecoline\u2010induced EMT, as knockdown of BMP4 expression affects expression of the EMT markers and inhibits extracellular matrix accumulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Arecoline induces EMT in OSF via the YAP1\/BMP4 pathway. Thus, BMP4 could be considered as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of OSF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T15:17:55Z","timestamp":1565363875000},"page":"305-310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Role of the arecoline\/YAP1\/BMP4 pathway in promoting endothelial\u2010mesenchymal transition in oral submucous fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7888-3873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mianfeng","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital Central 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